vitascope

Japanese: vitascope
vitascope


[The history of action movies]
Before The Great Train Robbery, Edison had used a kinetoscope to film "peep shows," which he called "peep shows," to show vaudeville, circus, and unusual sports feats (collectively known as stunts, from which the word stuntman was derived) such as acrobatics, wrestling, performing dogs, cats, and bears, cockfighting, belly dancing, trapeze acts, pistol shooting, and Buffalo Bill's "Wild West Show." When screen projection (called vitascope) began in entertainment halls in 1896, audiences who had become accustomed to seeing the same shows live on stage were naturally not satisfied with these black-and-white, silent, 60-second reproductions of the shows, and instead wanted to see on the screen what they could not see on stage: natural and mechanical wonders such as the Niagara Falls and a steaming locomotive, everyday neighborhood scenes such as blacksmiths, dentists, barbers, and Chinese laundries, and of course current topics (such as presidential election speeches). The Great Train Robbery took all these elements that reflected the public's tastes, added stunts performed for the movies, i.e., dangerous actions, and was based on the serial train robberies in the West, which were the most popular incidents of the time. ...

*Some of the terminology that mentions "vitascope" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:


[アクション映画の前史]
 《大列車強盗》以前にエジソンは,〈ピープショー〉と呼ばれたのぞき式の〈キネトスコープ〉で,アクロバット,レスリング,芸をする犬や猫や熊,闘鶏,ベリー・ダンス,空中ブランコ,拳銃の曲射ち,バッファロー・ビルの率いる〈ワイルド・ウェスト・ショー〉といった寄席やサーカスや珍しいスポーツの妙技(スタントstuntと総称され,ここからスタントマンの名が生まれる)を撮影して見せていた。1896年に演芸場でのスクリーン映写(バイタスコープvitascopeと呼ばれた)が始まると,同じショーを生の舞台で見慣れてきた観客は,当然これらの白黒で無声の60秒程度の映像に〈複製〉された出し物にあきたらず,むしろ舞台では見られないもの,すなわち一方ではナイアガラ瀑布(ばくふ)や突進している機関車といった自然や機械の驚異,他方では鍛冶屋や歯医者や床屋や中国人の洗濯屋といった近所の日常的光景,そしてもちろん時事的な話題(大統領の選挙演説など)をスクリーンで見たがった。こうした大衆の好みを反映した要素をすべてとり入れ,さらに映画のために演じられるスタント,すなわち危険なアクションを加味し,当時もっとも大衆の興味をひく事件だった西部の連続列車強盗を主題に作られたのが《大列車強盗》であった。…

※「vitascope」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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