Gamou Clan

A powerful clan from Gamo District, Omi Province (Gamo District, Shiga Prefecture) who was a military commander from the Sengoku to Azuchi-Momoyama periods and was a feudal lord until the early Edo period. In the "Gamo Family Tree," they are said to be descended from Fujiwara Hidesato, but they are also thought to be descended from Gamo Inagi. During the Sengoku period, they were based in Hino Otowa Castle (Hino Town, Gamo District) and served as senior vassals of the Rokkaku clan, the guardian of Omi. When Oda Nobunaga entered Kyoto in 1568 (Eiroku 11), the head of the clan, Katahide, surrendered to Nobunaga and offered his son Ujisato as a hostage. Ujisato was active as a military commander under Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and in 1590 (Tensho 18) he was given the fief of Aizu (Aizu-Wakamatsu City, Fukushima Prefecture) with a fief of 730,000 koku. However, his son Hideyuki, and grandsons Tadasato and Tadatomo died young in succession, and the Gamo clan came to an end in 1634 (Kan'ei 11).

[Ike Toru]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

戦国～安土桃山(あづちももやま)時代に武将として活躍し、江戸初期まで大名であった近江国(おうみのくに)蒲生郡（滋賀県蒲生郡）出身の豪族。「蒲生系図」では藤原秀郷(ふじわらのひでさと)流とされているが、蒲生稲置(いなぎ)の系統とも考えられている。戦国時代には日野(ひの)音羽(おとわ)城（蒲生郡日野町）を本拠とし、近江守護六角(ろっかく)氏の重臣となっていた。1568年（永禄11）織田信長入洛(にゅうらく)に際し、当主賢秀(かたひで)は信長に降(くだ)り、子氏郷(うじさと)を人質として差し出した。氏郷は信長・豊臣秀吉(とよとみひでよし)の武将として活躍し、1590年（天正18）には会津（福島県会津若松市）に封じられ、73万石を領するに至った。しかし、子秀行(ひでゆき)、孫忠郷(たださと)・忠知(ただとも)が相次いで早逝したため、1634年（寛永11）蒲生家は断絶した。

［池　享］

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