Ohara Incident - Ohara Sodo

Japanese: 大原騒動 - おおはらそうどう

…Yoshimichi Aoyama, who entered the domain in 1858 with a stipend of 48,000 koku, promulgated the following year the “Articles of Laws and Regulations” and the “Memorandum of Prohibitions” to prohibit gangs and direct appeals, conspiracies, conspiracies, graffiti, and posters, as well as strictly enforcing customs and prohibiting disputes regarding forest and wilderness boundaries, common land, and irrigation, and to order agricultural rigor, prevention of pawnbrokers and farmers going bankrupt, detailed regulations regarding taxes, and reductions in village taxes, in an attempt to restore control that had been shaken by the uprising. In 1873 (An'ei 2), he also sent troops to put down a peasant uprising (Ohara Disturbance) in neighboring Hida against land surveys. The second head of the domain, Yoshisada, was appointed as a young councilor of the shogunate and a magistrate of temples and shrines, and the sixth head, Yukishige, was also appointed as a soshaban and a magistrate of temples and shrines. …

From the Hida County Magistrate

...The position was passed down from generation to generation, and its main duties were mine and forest-related duties, which required special knowledge and experience, and the management of the checkpoint. At first there were 84 members, but in 1789 (Kansei 1), when the 13th head, Ohara Masazumi, was held responsible for the so-called Ohara Disturbance and exiled, many were dismissed, and the number was reduced to just over 30. In January 1868 (Meiji 1), the 25th head, Niimi Masanori, fled to Edo before the government army entered Hida, and this marked the end of the rule of the Hida Gundai. ...

From [Hida Highlands]

...The culture of Kyoto and Edo also flowed in, and traditional events such as the Takayama Festival, held twice a year in spring and autumn, and traditional industries such as Shunkei lacquer and yew carving were born. On the other hand, there were peasant uprisings such as the Ohara Disturbances that occurred intermittently over an 18-year period from 1771 (Meiwa 8) to 1788 (Tenmei 8), which shows how harsh life in Hida was. With the completion of the Takayama Main Line in 1931, a new era began for the Hida Highlands, and the development of forest resources, charcoal production, lumber, woodwork manufacturing, and tourism development progressed rapidly.

From Hida Province

...In the forestry industry, as a result of the increased use of logging by Edo merchants as contract work in the early 18th century, forest resources were depleted, and from the second half of the 18th century onwards, local residents' "gen-kanka" (logging) was temporarily suspended, and even after it was resumed, the scale was greatly reduced. The main cause of the peasant uprisings (Ohara Disturbances) that broke out intermittently over the 18 years from 1771 (Meiwa 8) to 1788 (Tenmei 8) was the forced land survey carried out by the magistrate Ohara Shosho, but another major factor was the anger of the Yamakata residents over the suspension of "gen-kanka" (logging) and the abolition of the "Yamakata Gokyumai" (rice subsidy for the Yamakata region) as compensation. While mining and forestry declined, sericulture, silk reeling and silk weaving became major industries in the late early modern period. ...

*Some of the terminology used in reference to the "Ohara Uprising" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…この郡上一揆処分直後の58年に4万8000石で入部した青山幸道（よしみち）は，翌年に〈在々法令之条目〉〈在々御法度之覚書〉を公布して，徒党･直訴の禁止，謀書･謀判･落書･張紙の禁止をはじめ，山林原野の境界･入会地･用水などについてのしきたりの厳守と争論の禁止，農業出精，質流れ･潰（つぶれ）百姓の防止，年貢に関する詳細な規定や村入用の節減等々を令して，一揆によって動揺した支配を立て直そうとした。また，73年(安永2)に隣国飛驒で起きた検地反対の農民一揆(大原騒動)鎮圧に出兵。2代幸完（よしさだ）は幕府若年寄，寺社奉行，6代幸哉（ゆきしげ）も奏者番，寺社奉行などに任じられた。…

【飛驒郡代】より

…代々世襲し，特殊な知識と経験を必要とする鉱山･山林関係の職務や口留番所の管理を主務とした。はじめ84人であったが，1789年(寛政1)13代大原正純が，いわゆる大原騒動の責を問われ遠島処分に付されたときに多数解職され，以後三十数名に減員した。1868年(明治1)1月，官軍の飛驒入国を前に25代新見正功が江戸に逃走し，これによって飛驒郡代の支配は終焉した。…

【飛驒高地】より

…また京都や江戸の文化も流入し，春秋2回の高山祭などの伝統行事や春慶塗，イチイの一刀彫などの伝統産業も生まれた。しかし一方では，1771年(明和8)から88年(天明8)までの18年間，断続的に起こった大原騒動のような農民騒動もあり，飛驒の生活の厳しさをうかがわせる。　1931年の高山本線全通により飛驒高地は新しい時代を迎え，山林資源の開発や木炭生産，製材，木工品製造，観光開発などが急速に進展した。…

【飛驒国】より

…林業の方も，18世紀初めに江戸商人の請負稼による伐採が進んだ結果，山林資源が消耗し，18世紀後半以降は地元住民による〈元伐稼〉も一時中断し，再開後も規模は大幅に縮小した。1771年(明和8)から88年(天明8)の18年間に断続的に勃発した百姓一揆(大原騒動)は，代官大原紹正の検地強行が主要な原因であったが，〈元伐稼〉を中断され，さらにその代償の〈山方御救米〉まで廃止されたことに対する山方住民の憤懣もその大きな要因であった。鉱業，林業の衰退の一方で，近世後期に主要産業となったのが，養蚕，製糸，絹織物業である。…

※「大原騒動」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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