...In France, where salon culture was founded, under the influence of the Italian Renaissance, there was already a tradition in the 16th century of the Académie du Palais, which respected the sophistication of poetry and music, under the patronage of King Charles IX. In the 17th century, however, the need to strengthen the foundations of absolute monarchy created a new situation in which the state directly organized academies. The Academie Française (1637) founded by Richelieu, the Academie Royale des Paintings and Sculptures (1648) by Mazarin, the Academie des Inscriptions and Letters (1663), the Academie des Sciences (1666), and the Academie de Music (1669) were all academic organizations officially recognized by the French state, and played a part in cultural policies such as the development of the French language, the improvement of French culture, and the development of science and technology. The Royal Society of London, which was chartered by King Charles II in 1662, rivaled the French Académie des Sciences in the 18th century and carried out numerous investigations into mathematics, physics, and biology. *Some of the terms mentioned in the "Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…サロン文化の素地があるフランスでは,イタリア・ルネサンスの影響の下に,すでに16世紀に国王シャルル9世を庇護者に仰ぎ,詩と音楽のみやびを尊ぶアカデミー・デュ・パレAcadémie du Palaisなどの伝統があったが,17世紀に入って絶対王政の基盤強化の必要から,国家が直接アカデミーを組織するという新しい事態を生み出した。リシュリューが創立したアカデミー・フランセーズ(1637),マザランによる王立絵画・彫刻アカデミー(1648),ついでコルベールによる碑文・文芸アカデミー(1663),アカデミー・デ・シアンス(1666),音楽アカデミー(1669)などは,いずれもフランス国家公認の学術団体で,フランス語の整備,フランス文化の向上,科学技術の発展といった文化政策の一翼を担わされている。フランスのアカデミー・デ・シアンスと並び称されるのがロンドンのローヤル・ソサエティ(王立協会)で,1662年に国王チャールズ2世の認可を受け,数学,物理学,生物学に関する数多くの調査を実施した。… ※「王立絵画・彫刻アカデミー」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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