Royal African Company

Japanese: 王立アフリカ会社 - おうりつあふりかかいしゃ

… Companies as chartered companies were “early monopolies” whose respective monopolies were guaranteed by absolute monarchies, and therefore from the end of the 16th century onwards they were at the forefront of the “anti-monopoly struggle” of Parliament, and virtually lost their power around the time of the Civil War. Some, like the East India Company, were reorganized and prospered in the 18th century, while others, like the Royal African Company (established in 1672), whose mission was to supply slaves to the New World, and the South Sea Company (established in 1711), which planned trade with the Spanish New World under the Asiento contract, were established after the Restoration, but they were not very successful. Furthermore, in 1720, when a stock market panic called the “South Sea Bubble” occurred in connection with the South Sea Company, the “Bubble Company Act” was issued, and strict restrictions were placed on the establishment of new joint-stock companies. …

From the Slave Trade

…The slave trade in the 16th century was developed by the Portuguese, but in the 17th century the Dutch West India Company entered the country, and as Jamaica, the French islands of Guadeloupe, and Martinique became the centers of sugar production in the latter half of the 17th century, merchants from both Britain and France entered the slave trade. Britain initially tried to develop the slave trade as a monopoly business run by privileged companies such as the Royal African Company, which was established in 1672, but failed. In the 17th century, individual merchants in London and Bristol, and in the 18th century, in Liverpool, took control of the slave trade, and are said to have made high profits of more than 10% per year on average. However, some estimates of the profit rate ranged from several tens of percent to more than 100%. …

*Some of the glossaries that refer to the "Royal African Company" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…　特許会社としてのカンパニーは，絶対王政などによってそれぞれの独占権を保障された〈初期独占〉体であったから，16世紀末以降，議会の〈反独占闘争〉の矢面に立たされ，市民革命の前後に事実上力を失う。東インド会社のように，改組されてむしろ18世紀に繁栄したものもあれば，新世界への奴隷供給を任務とした王立アフリカ会社(1672設立)やアシエント契約によるスペイン領新世界との貿易を策した南海会社(1711設立)のように，王政復古以後に成立したものもあるが，あまり成功しなかった。そのうえ，1720年，南海会社に関連して株式パニック〈南海泡沫事件〉が起こると，〈泡沫会社禁止法〉が出され，株式会社の新設に厳しい制限が設けられる。…

【奴隷貿易】より

…したがって，16世紀の奴隷貿易はポルトガル人によって展開されたが，17世紀になるとオランダ西インド会社が進出し，17世紀後半からジャマイカやフランス領グアドループ，マルティニク両島が砂糖生産の中心になるにつれて，イギリス，フランス両国商人が奴隷貿易にのり出した。イギリスは，当初，1672年に設立された王立アフリカ会社Royal African Companyなど，特権会社による独占事業として奴隷貿易を展開しようとしたが失敗し，17世紀にはロンドンとブリストル，18世紀にはリバプールの個人商人が奴隷貿易を握り，年間平均10％以上の高い利潤をあげたといわれる。ただし，利潤率については，数十％から100％以上という推計もある。…

※「王立アフリカ会社」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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