Lateral branch - Lateral branch

Japanese: 横走枝 - おうそうし

…Although branches may differ from the main stem in terms of location and size, there is no difference in structure or function, but some plant groups have unique shapes. Examples include short branches with short internodes and clusters of leaves (pine trees), leaf-like phyllodes (leaf vines), needle-like or hook-like leafless stem needles (hook vines), asexually reproducing buds (Japanese laurel), and transverse stolons (Fragaria japonica). There are several types of patterns in which branches are produced by branching from the stem (Figure). …

From [Stem]

…Other stems vary in form and nature. Among above-ground stems, the most common are upright stems that clearly show phototropism, but there are also short stems with short internodes (Musa), short branches, flattened stems (Citrus japonica), phyllodes, needles, stolon (Shinobu) and transverse stolons that crawl along the ground or other substrates, twining stems that wrap around objects like vines (Morning glory), and succulent stems with degenerate leaves and thick stems (Cactus). Among underground stems, there are rhizomes that also function as roots (bracken), tubers with enlarged stems that serve as material storage (potatoes), and bulbs with short stems wrapped in fleshy, scale-like leaves (onions). …

From [Stolons]

…In addition, in plants such as strawberry, saxifrage, and cycad, side branches stalk from the parent plant, and new plants form at the tips of these stalks, which then reproduce vegetatively. These stalks are called stolons or transverse runners. [Masahiro Kato]. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "transverse branches" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…枝は主茎と位置や大きさで差があっても，構造や機能の面では変りがないが，植物群によっては特異な形をとるものがある。節間が短く葉を叢生する短枝(マツ)，葉状になっている仮葉枝(ナギイカダ)，針状または鉤（かぎ）状で葉もない茎針(カギカズラ)，無性生殖を行う芽体(トウゲシバ)，横走枝(オランダイチゴ)などがその例である。　茎から分枝によって枝がつくられる様式にはいくつかの型が認められる(図)。…

【茎】より

…その他茎には形態･性質の上でさまざまなものがある。地上茎のうちでは光屈性を端的にあらわす直立茎が最もふつうであるが，節間が短い短縮茎(バショウ)や短枝，茎が扁平になった扁茎(カンキチク)や仮葉枝，茎針，地面などの基物面をはう匍匐茎(シノブ)や横走枝，物につる状に巻きつく巻きつき茎(アサガオ)，葉が退化的で茎が太くなった多肉茎(サボテン)などがある。地下茎でも，根の機能も果たす根茎(ワラビ)，茎が肥大して物質貯蔵の役目をする塊茎(ジャガイモ)，茎が短く肉質の鱗片状葉に包まれた鱗茎(タマネギ)などがある。…