This is the representative of the nine species in the genus Volcanus, subfamily Volcaninae, of the family Palmaceae (APG classification: Palmaceae). It is called Volcanus palm because its leaves resemble a fan. It has a single, upright trunk, and is up to 30 meters tall. The trunk diameter is 35 cm, but gradually enlarges to 60 cm at the base. The leaves are palmate, 3 meters in circumference, and glossy green. The leaflet lobes are straight and have sharp tips. Some petioles remain attached for long periods. The inflorescence grows between the leaves, and is dioecious. Male flowers are highly branched, 30 cm long. Female flowers are less branched. The fruit is usually black-brown or yellow, globular, 15-20 cm in diameter, deeply enclosed in the perianth, and contains 1-3 seeds. The ripe fruit is very sweet and edible. The seeds are slightly flattened and surrounded by milky white fiber, with the embryo at the top. The flower stalk is cut and the sap that secretes is boiled down to extract molasses and sugar, and the liquid is left to become rum. It is a representative species of sugar palm, and also a representative species of toddy palm. The leaves are used for roofing and substitute paper, the fibers at the base of the petioles are used for brushes and rope, and the wood is hard and durable, so it is used for canoe material. It is found in India, Myanmar, Malaysia, Cambodia, and Thailand. Other species in the genus Borago palm are distributed in Ethiopia, Sudan, northern Africa, and New Guinea, and all of the fruits are yellow. The African species grows taller with the trunk becoming thicker in the middle. It is used as a useful palm along with coconut palm, oil palm, and date palm. Cultivation requires temperatures above 30°C and high humidity. [Toshihiko Satake April 16, 2019] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ヤシ科(APG分類:ヤシ科)オウギヤシ亜科オウギヤシ属9種中の代表種。葉形が扇に似ているのでオウギヤシという。幹は単幹で直立し、高さ30メートル以下。幹径は35センチメートルであるが、下部はしだいに肥大し基部は径60センチメートル。葉は周径3メートルの掌状葉で光沢のある緑色。小葉裂片は直伸し先は鋭くとがる。葉柄を長期間固着するものがある。花序は葉間から伸び、雌雄異株。雄花は分岐が多く長さ30センチメートル。雌花は分岐が少ない。果実は通例黒褐色で黄色もあり、径15~20センチメートルの球形で花被(かひ)に深く包まれ、1~3個の種子をもつ。 熟果は甘味が強く食用となる。種子はやや扁平(へんぺい)で乳白色の繊維で包まれ、胚(はい)は頂部にある。花柄を切断して分泌する樹液を煮詰めて糖蜜(とうみつ)や砂糖をとり、液を放置するとラム酒になる。サトウヤシsugar palmの代表種であり、酒ヤシtoddy palmの代表種でもある。葉は屋根葺(ふ)きや代用紙に用い、葉柄基部の繊維はブラシや縄に用い、木材は堅く耐久性に富むのでカヌーの舟材にする。インド、ミャンマー、マレーシア、カンボジア、タイに分布する。 オウギヤシ属にはこのほかに、エチオピア、スーダン、アフリカ北部、ニューギニア島に分布するものがあり、果実はすべて黄色。アフリカ産のものは、高木となると幹高の中央が肥大する。 ココヤシ、アブラヤシ、ナツメヤシとともに有用ヤシとして利用される。栽培は30℃以上で多湿を要する。 [佐竹利彦 2019年4月16日] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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