Euler Pole

Japanese: オイラー極 - おいらーきょく
Euler Pole

...Although no relative plate motion is currently observed along the fracture zone, its strike is parallel to the past relative plate motion, and so it serves as a fossil of the direction of relative motion when reconstructing past motion.
[Relative plate motion]

[Current Plate]
Because plates are rigid bodies on the spherical surface of the Earth, their motion can be expressed as rotation around a vertical axis set at a point (Euler pole) on the Earth's surface using Euler's fixed point theorem (Figure 2). Between n plates, there are ( n -1) relative motions given by the position of each Euler pole and the angular velocity of rotation.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Euler poles" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…断裂帯に沿ってはプレート相対運動は現在はみられないが,その走向はかつてのプレート相対運動に平行なので,過去の運動を復元するときに相対運動の方向の化石としての役割を果たす。
【プレート相対運動】

[現在のプレート]
 プレートは地球という球面上の剛体板であるから,その運動はオイラーEulerの固定点定理によって地表のどこかの点(オイラー極)に立てた鉛直軸のまわりの回転として表すことができる(図2)。n個のプレート間には(n-1)個の相対運動が,それぞれのオイラー極の位置と回転角速度によって与えられる。…

※「オイラー極」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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