Carbon Black

Japanese: カーボンブラック
Carbon Black

Carbon black is a spherical or chain-like black particle containing microcrystals that is produced by skillfully controlling the pyrolysis and incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. The basic properties of carbon black, such as particle size (10-100 nm), specific surface area (20-300 m 2 g -1 ), the size and orientation of the graphite-like crystallites, the amount of oxygen-containing groups on the particle surface, the pH of the sludge, and the structure (the state of fusion between particles and their tendency to aggregate). Carbon black, used as a reinforcing agent in tires and various rubber products, accounts for nearly 95% of the total production, and most of this is oil furnace black, which is made in a furnace using petroleum heavy oil and creosote oil as raw materials. Gas furnace black is also made using natural gas, but one relatively old method is the channel method, which is a method of obtaining channel black by colliding a flame of gaseous hydrocarbons with the surface of a cold channel steel. Small particles are prized as high-quality color blacks, some with particle sizes approaching 10 nm. Meanwhile, thermal blacks with relatively large particle sizes are produced by pyrolyzing natural gas or petroleum in a furnace, and acetylene black, which has low electrical resistance, is produced from acetylene. The principles of lamp black manufacturing date back to the use of pine soot and lamp black in ancient China, but the amount of lamp black produced using modern facilities is small. Various carbon black particles have unpaired electrons, and the particle surfaces contain oxygen-containing groups such as quinone, hydroquinone, or carboxyl groups. Oxygen-containing groups on the surface are rare in furnace black and common in channel black. The structure of the particle surface is similar to derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and reacts with various free radicals.

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

Japanese:

炭化水素の熱分解と不完全燃焼とを,巧みに制御して生産される微結晶を含む球状または鎖状の黒色粒子のこと.製造方法の違いや原料の選択によって,カーボンブラックのもつ基本的な性質,たとえば粒子径(10~100 nm)や比表面積(20~300 m2 g-1),グラファイト類似の結晶子の大きさやその配向性,粒子表面にある酸素含有基の量や,泥状体の示す pH,さらにはストラクチャー(structure)とよばれる粒子相互の融着状態と凝集傾向などが異なってくる.タイヤをはじめ,各種のゴム製品の補強剤に用いるカーボンブラックは,その全生産量の95% 近くを占めているが,そのほとんどは石油系重質油やクレオソート油などを原料として,ファーネス炉でつくるオイルファーネスブラックである.このほかに天然ガスを用いてガスファーネスブラックもつくられているが,比較的古くから行われている製法の一つにチャンネル式がある.これはガス状炭化水素の炎を,冷たいチャンネル鋼の表面に衝突させて,チャンネルブラックを得る方法である.粒子の小さいものは高級なカラーブラックとして賞用される.なかには10 nm に近い粒子径のものも含まれている.一方,天然ガスや石油などを炉で熱分解させて,比較的粒子径の大きいサーマルブラックが生産され,アセチレンからは電気抵抗値の小さいアセチレンブラックが生産されている.ランプブラックは,その製造法の原理が古代中国の松煙や油煙にまでさかのぼるが,近代設備による生産量は少ない.各種のカーボンブラック粒子は不対電子をもっており,粒子表面にはキノンやヒドロキノン,あるいはカルボキシル基などの酸素含有基がある.表面の酸素含有基は,ファーネスブラックでは少なく,チャンネルブラックに多い.なお,粒子表面の構造は多環芳香族炭化水素の誘導体に似ており,各種の遊離基と反応をする.

出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報

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