A perennial succulent plant of the lily family (APG classification: Xanthomoniaceae). It is endemic to eastern and southern Africa and there are about 180 species, several of which are cultivated around the world. Its appearance is very similar to that of the agave family, but it is clearly distinguishable when it flowers. There are species whose stems barely grow, and species whose stems grow like shrubs. The flowers form racemes on flower stalks, are tubular and about 2 cm long, with six lobes at the tip of the tube, from which six stamens protrude. There is one pistil. The leaves are long lanceolate with pointed tips, many with slightly sharp thorns on the leaf edges, extremely fleshy, lack petioles, and alternate on the stem. [Motoo Nagasawa January 21, 2019] useWhen a leaf is cut horizontally and turned face down, many of them drip yellow juice. This juice is collected and concentrated in the sun or by fire to obtain a yellowish-brown, reddish-brown or black dried extract called aloe, which is used for medicinal purposes. It contains aloin, an anthrone glycoside, aloe-emodin glycoside, which belongs to the anthraquinone family, and resin, and is used as a laxative for constipation and also as an emmenagogue. When used in small amounts, it acts as a bitter tonic. The types traded on the market include Socotra aloe (from Socotra Island off the coast of Yemen), Curacao aloe (from the West Indies), Cape aloe (from southern Africa), Zanzibar aloe (from eastern Africa), and Barbados aloe (from the West Indies), and their original plants include A. vera , A. perryi , and A. ferox . The type widely cultivated in Japan and used as a folk medicine is Kidachi Aloe (also known as Kidachi Rokai, but Rokai comes from a misreading of Roe), A. arborescens , and the juice from its leaves is taken internally for gastrointestinal disorders and asthma, and externally for cuts, burns, cracks, and chapped skin. Its effectiveness earned it the nickname "no need for a doctor." [Motoo Nagasawa January 21, 2019] It is often thought that it does not bloom, but this is because it only blooms in winter, in warm areas, and only blooms when the plant is old. A. vera (L.) Burm.f. ( A. barbadensis Mill.) has been used in Europe since ancient times. It is said to have been cultivated in Egypt, Greece, and Rome before the Common Era. It is propagated by seeds or cuttings. Small species are cultivated in pots. [Masataka Takabayashi January 21, 2019] Cultural historyAloe comes from the Arabic word Alloch. It has been used as a laxative since ancient times, and was an important import in ancient Greece, so Aristotle is said to have encouraged Alexander the Great to occupy the place where it is produced (Socotra Island). In India before the Common Era, the black hard masses made by drying the juice from the leaves were also traded as a commodity. There is a theory that the "Bashaga" that appears in Buddhist scriptures is aloe. In China, the names "Do-yi" and "Roku-yi" appear in the "Kai-bao Ben-mao" from the Song Dynasty, and the "Ming Dynasty Compendium of Materia Medica" tells of the treatment of skin diseases with Roku-yi. However, even though the properties are correctly described, the accompanying illustrations show it as a broad-leaved tree, which shows that while clumps of aloe for medicinal purposes had been introduced, the plant itself had not. It is unclear when aloe was introduced to Japan, but clumps of aloe were brought there during the Edo period. In South Africa, the indigenous San people have long used aloe to treat wounds, but the Dutch, who arrived in the country in the 16th century, recognized its effectiveness and began producing it, and Cape aloe spread throughout the world. Barbados aloe and Curacao aloe are also native to Africa. [Hiroshi Yuasa January 21, 2019] [References] | |It is widely cultivated in Japan and used as a folk medicine. It is also known as "no need for a doctor." The leaves have slightly sharp thorns, and the flowers grow in racemes on the flower stalks. ©Shogakukan Photo by Okuyama Hisashi "> Aloe arborescens Also known as Aloe Vera ©Shogakukan "> Barbados Aloe Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ユリ科(APG分類:ススキノキ科)の多年生多肉植物。アフリカ東部、南部に特産し約180種あり、うち数種が世界各地で栽培されている。外形はリュウゼツランの仲間によく似るが、花をつけると明瞭(めいりょう)に区別できる。茎はほとんど伸長しない種類と、低木状に伸長する種類がある。花は総状花序をなして花茎につき、筒状で長さ約2センチメートル、花筒の先端は6裂し、中から6個の雄しべが外に出る。雌しべは1個。葉は長披針(ちょうひしん)形で先端はとがり、葉縁にやや鋭い刺(とげ)のあるものが多く、著しく多肉で、葉柄はなく、茎に互生する。 [長沢元夫 2019年1月21日] 利用葉を横に切り、断面を下に向けると黄色の液汁を滴下するものが多い。この液汁を集めて天日または火を用いて濃縮して得た黄褐色または赤褐色、黒色の乾燥エキスをアロエと称して薬用に供する。これにはアントロン配糖体であるアロイン、アントラキノンに属するアロエエモジンの配糖体、樹脂などが含まれており、下剤として便秘に用い、また通経剤にも配合される。少量用いると苦味強壮剤となる。 市場で取引される種類はソコトラアロエ(イエメン沖のソコトラ島産)、キュラソーアロエ(西インド諸島産)、ケープアロエ(アフリカ南部産)、ザンジバルアロエ(アフリカ東部産)、バルバドスアロエ(西インド諸島産)などで、これらの原植物はA. vera、A. perryi、A. feroxなどである。日本で広く栽培され、民間薬として用いられているのはキダチアロエ(キダチロカイとも称するが、ロカイは蘆薈(ろえ)の誤読から生じたものである)A. arborescensで、葉の液汁を胃腸病、喘息(ぜんそく)に内服したり、切り傷、やけど、ひび、あかぎれに外用する。効果がよいので「医者いらず」の名が生まれた。 [長沢元夫 2019年1月21日] 花が咲かないものと思われがちだが、それは、冬咲きのため暖地でないと開花しないのと、古株にならないと花をつけない性質による。シンロカイ(真蘆薈)A. vera (L.) Burm.f.(A. barbadensis Mill.)はヨーロッパでは古くから利用されていた。エジプト、ギリシア、ローマでは紀元前から栽培していたといわれる。繁殖は実生(みしょう)または挿木による。小形種は鉢栽培される。 [高林成年 2019年1月21日] 文化史アロエはアラビア語のアロッホAllochに由来する。古くから下剤として利用され、古代ギリシアでは重要な輸入品であったため、アリストテレスはアレクサンドロス大王にその産地(ソコトラ島)の占拠を勧めたという。また紀元前のインドでも、葉汁を乾燥させた黒色の固い塊は商品として取引された。仏典に出てくる「婆奢迦(ばしゃが)」をアロエだとする説がある。また中国では宋(そう)代の『開宝本草』に「奴(ど)薈」「蘆薈」の名があり、さらに明代の『本草綱目(ほんぞうこうもく)』には蘆薈で皮膚病を治したという話を伝えている。しかし性状は正しく記されていても、付図には広葉樹のような姿が描かれており、薬用のアロエの塊は伝わっても植物自体が伝わっていなかったことがわかる。日本への渡来時期は明らかではないが、江戸時代に蘆薈の塊がもたらされている。南アフリカでは古くから先住民のサン人が傷の手当てにアロエを使用していたが、16世紀以降に進出してきたオランダ人がその効用を認めて生産に乗り出し、ケープアロエが世界に広がった。バルバドスアロエ、キュラソーアロエも原産はアフリカである。 [湯浅浩史 2019年1月21日] [参照項目] | |日本で広く栽培され、民間薬として用いられる。「医者いらず」ともよばれる。葉縁にやや鋭い刺があり、花は総状花序をなして花茎につく©Shogakukan 撮影/おくやまひさし"> キダチアロエ アロエ・ベラともいう©Shogakukan"> バルバドスアロエ 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
…the name of a god that appears in Japanese mytho...
This temple is located in Kinkakuji-cho, Kita-ku,...
...It is distributed from southern Kyushu and the...
...When a corporation issues new shares after its...
…(6) Stock Yield The ratio of stock dividends to ...
A village in Ochi County, northeastern Ehime Prefe...
…The Italian army had invaded Ethiopia in an atte...
Abbreviated as RKB Mainichi Broadcasting. Kyushu...
…In addition to Daihoji Temple, said to be the ol...
...These are scriptures such as the Prajnaparamit...
1865‐1943 Jewish thinker. Born in Vitebsk, Russia,...
…During the first period, the area of the city ...
824 koro-892 A hadith scholar born in Tirmidh (now...
The first large-scale arrests of the reconstituted...
Italy's leading daily newspaper. Founded in Mi...