Katsura - Katsura

Japanese: 桂 - かつら

[1] [Noun] ① A large deciduous tree of the family Cercidiphyllum. It grows in various parts of Japan and in mountainous areas of China. Some trees can reach a height of 25 meters and a diameter of over 1.5 meters. The bark is dark gray with vertical fissures. The leaves have thin stalks 2 to 2.5 cm long, and grow opposite each other on long branches and solitary on short branches. The leaf blade is heart-shaped, 3 to 7 cm long and wide, with blunt sawtooth edges , and the underside is powdery white. Dioecious. In spring, before the leaves appear, solitary flowers without perianth appear in the leaf axils . Male flowers consist of many stamens with red anthers , while female flowers have three to five pistils and a thread-like stigma tinged with pale pink. After flowering, the tree produces short-stalked, slightly curved, cylindrical fruits. When ripe, it turns purple-brown and splits open, releasing seeds about 5 mm long with wings on one end. The wood is light and soft, with straight grain and little deformation, so it is used for architecture, furniture, and carvings. In central and northern Honshu, there is the broad-leaved katsura, a species endemic to Japan with large leaves, wings on both ends of the seed, and bark that does not split even when the tree is old. Kamokatura. Shirokatsura. Katsuragi. *Kojiki (712), Part 1: "There is a fragrant tree in the nearby well. (Omitted) (The word fragrant tree is pronounced Katsura. It is a tree.)" *Genji (around 1001-14), Hanasachiri: "The chasing wind from the large katsura tree reminded me of the festival." ② A tree that grows in the world of the moon in Chinese legend. → Katsurao (Katsura man). ※Man'yoshu (late 8th century) 4.632 "What shall I do with my sister, who is like a maple leaf in the moonlight, whom I see with my eyes but cannot grasp with my hands?" ※Kokin (905-914) Autumn 194 "The katsura leaf of the long-awaited moon still turns red in autumn, and perhaps it will grow even more beautiful (Mibu Tadamine)" ③ Raw radish peeled and rolled into a string shape. Used as a garnish for sashimi. ④ Another name for the plant "nikkei (cinnamon)" or "keihi (cinnamon bark)". [Revised and Enlarged Japanese English Forest Collection (1886)] [Additional Note] In the "10-volume Wamyo-sho-10", "katsura" is pronounced "mekatsura" and "maple" is pronounced "okatsura". [2] The name of a place on the west bank of the Katsura River in the eastern part of Nishikyo Ward, Kyoto City. Katsura Imperial Villa is located there. ※Genji (around 1001-14) Matsukaze "There is something to be seen in the wig, but it is not in my heart, so I have no choice but to let it go."

Kei [Katsura]

〘Noun〙① An evergreen tall tree of the Lauraceae family. It is cultivated in southern China and Indochina. The trunk grows to a height of about 15 meters. The leaves are leathery, long oval, 7-10 cm long, and powdery white on the underside. The flowers are yellowish. The bark is called cinnamon bark, and is aromatic and used as a seasoning, stomachic and deodorant, and also produces oil that is used in fragrances. Tonkin nikkei. ② A general term for katsura, osmanthus, cinnamon, camphor, and bayberry. Particularly used as the customary Chinese name for cinnamon. [Iroha Jiruishō (1177-81)] ③ An abbreviation of "Kei-ma (Kei-ma)①". *Meiji Ukiyo-buro (1887), " Ukiyo-sui-shi", vol. 13 "It would be better to abandon that step and climb the katsura ( Kei )."

Wig [Katsura]

One of the surnames.

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

[1] 〘名〙① カツラ科の落葉大高木。日本の各地と中国の山地に生える。高さ二五メートル、径一・五メートルをこえるものもある。樹皮は暗灰色で縦に裂け目がある。葉は長さ二～二・五センチメートルの細い柄をもち、長枝には対生し短枝には単生する。葉身は長さ幅とも三～七センチメートルの心臓形で、縁に鈍い鋸歯(きょし)があり、裏面は粉白色。雌雄異株。春、葉に先だって花被のない花を葉腋(ようえき)に単生。雄花は紅色の葯(やく)をつけたおしべ多数から成り、雌花は三～五個のめしべをもち柱頭は糸状で淡紅色を帯びる。花後、短柄のある、やや湾曲した円柱形果実を結ぶ。熟すと紫褐色となって裂け、一端に翼のある長さ五ミリメートルほどの種子をとばす。材は軽く柔らかく、木目(きめ)がまっすぐで変形が少ないので、建築・家具・彫刻材などに用いられる。本州の中・北部には、日本特産の、葉が大形で、種子の両端に翼があり、樹皮は老木となるまで裂けないヒロハカツラが産する。かもかつら。しろかつら。かつらぎ。※古事記（712）上「傍の井の上に湯津香木有らむ。〈略〉〈香木を訓みて加都良と云ふ。木ぞ〉」※源氏（1001‐14頃）花散里「大きなるかつらの木の追ひ風に、祭の頃おぼし出でられて」② 中国伝説で、月の世界に生えているという木。→桂男(かつらおとこ)。※万葉（８Ｃ後）四・六三二「目には見て手にはとらえぬ月の中の楓(かつら)のごとき妹をいかにせむ」※古今（905‐914）秋上・一九四「久方の月の桂も秋は猶もみぢすればやてりまさるらむ〈壬生忠岑〉」③ 桂むきにした生大根を丸めて切り、糸状にしたもの。刺身のつまなどに用いる。④ 植物「にっけい（肉桂）」また「けいひ（桂皮）」の異名。〔改正増補和英語林集成（1886）〕[補注]「十巻本和名抄‐一〇」では「桂」を「めかつら」、「楓」を「をかつら」とよむ。[2] 京都市西京区東部、桂川西岸の地名。桂離宮がある。※源氏（1001‐14頃）松風「かつらにみるべきことはべるをいさや心にもあらでほどへにけり」

けい【桂】

〘名〙① クスノキ科の常緑高木。中国南部やインドシナなどで栽培される。幹は高さ一五メートルほどになる。葉は革質の長卵円形で長さ七～一〇センチメートル、裏面は粉白色を帯びる。花は帯黄色。樹皮を桂皮といい、芳香があり、調味料、健胃・脱臭剤などとし、また香料に用いる油を採る。とんきんにっけい。② カツラ、モクセイ、ニッケイ、クス、ゲッケイジュなどの総称。特にニッケイの慣用漢名に用いる。〔色葉字類抄（1177‐81）〕③ 「けいま（桂馬）①」の略。※明治浮世風呂（1887）〈浮世粋史〉一三「其歩(ふ)を捨て桂(ケイ)を上った方が宜(いい)ぜ」