Abbreviation for Free Trade Agreement. It aims to promote the liberalization of trade in goods and services, eliminate various barriers such as tariffs, integrate markets, and increase economic growth. In addition to tariff elimination, Japan is also promoting Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs), including domestic regulations such as investment rules and human movement. More than 200 FTAs, including bilateral ones, have been established in various regions around the world, including the European Union (EU), North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), and Common Market of the South (Mercosur). Negotiations at the World Trade Organization (WTO) tend to be delayed due to differences of opinion between countries, and bilateral FTA negotiations are prioritized. With the slowdown in global economic growth caused by the global recession triggered by the 2008 US financial crisis, there are concerns about the formation of blocs and the advancement of protectionist policies, making the future development of FTAs even more unpredictable. Japan has traditionally opposed economic blocs through FTAs, but since concluding an FTA with Singapore in 2002, it has begun to attach importance to FTAs in order to revitalize the economy, and has reached basic agreements with Mexico (2004), Malaysia (2005), the Philippines (2006), Chile (2007), and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN, basic agreement reached in 2007, successively effective from 2008). This movement accelerated when South Korea concluded an FTA with the United States in 2011, and momentum was created to start full-scale negotiations toward the realization of an FTA among Japan, China, and South Korea. On the occasion of the ASEAN-related summit meeting in November 2012, a Japan-China-South Korea Economic and Trade Ministers' Meeting was held and the start of Japan-China-South Korea FTA negotiations was announced. In April 2012, Japan also announced that it would begin negotiations to join the ASEAN-proposed Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) by the end of the year, and a ceremony to launch the RCEP negotiations was held on the occasion of the ASEAN-related summit meeting in November. FTA negotiations between Japan, China and South Korea began in earnest in March 2013, but discussions have not yet begun as the method for proceeding with tariff negotiations to determine the tariff rates for each item has yet to be decided. → Related items Iceland | Economic Partnership Agreement | Singapore (country) | TPP | Philippines | Malaysia | Mexico (country) Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
自由貿易協定Free Trade Agreementの略称。物とサービスの貿易の自由化を進め,関税などさまざまな障壁をなくして,市場を統合し,経済成長を高めることをめざす。日本は関税撤廃のほか,投資ルール,人の移動などの国内規制も交渉範囲に入れて,経済連携協定(EPA:Economic Partnership Agreement)も進めている。世界各地域では,ヨーロッパ連合(EU),北米自由貿易協定(NAFTA),南米南部共同市場(メルコスール)をはじめ,2国間のものも含め,200以上に及ぶFTAが成立している。世界貿易機関(WTO)の場での交渉は各国間の意見の対立のため遅れがちになり,2国間のFTA交渉が優先されている。2008年のアメリカ金融危機に端を発した世界同時不況による世界経済成長の失速のなかでブロック化と保護政策の進行が懸念され,FTAの今後の展開はさらに予断を許さない状況となっている。日本は従来,FTAによる経済のブロック化に反対してきたが,2002年シンガポールとのFTA締結以後,経済活性化のためにFTAを重視するようになり,メキシコ(2004年),マレーシア(2005年),フィリピン(2006年),チリ(2007年),東南アジア諸国連合(ASEAN,2007年基本合意,2008年より順次発効)などと基本合意に達した。2011年韓国がアメリカとFTAを締結したことによって,この動きは加速され,日・中・韓三国のFTA実現に向けて交渉を本格化させる機運が出てきた。2012年11月ASEAN関連首脳会議の機会に,日中韓経済貿易大臣会合が開催され日中韓FTA交渉開始が宣言された。また,日本は2012年4月,ASEANが提唱する〈東アジア包括的経済提携協定〉(RCEP)への参加交渉を年内に開始すると表明,同じく11月のASEAN関連首脳会議の機会にRCEP交渉立ち上げ式が行われた。日本・中国・韓国のFTA交渉は2013年3月から具体的に始まったが,各品目の関税率を決める関税交渉の進め方が決まらず議論に入っていない。 →関連項目アイスランド|経済連携協定|シンガポール(国)|TPP|フィリピン|マレーシア|メキシコ(国) 出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報 |
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