Kabbalah; Kabala

Japanese: カバラ(英語表記)Kabbalah; Kabala
Kabbalah; Kabala
It refers to a developed form of Jewish mysticism and theosophy that was formed around the 12th and 13th centuries, and more generally to a series of esoteric Jewish doctrines dating back to ancient times. The etymological meaning of Kabbalah is "that which is received," and it referred to Jewish books and prophetic writings other than the Pentateuch. In the pietistic movement that began in the Rhineland in the 12th and 13th centuries, methods were used to interpret ancestral prayers, such as assigning a certain number to each alphabet to find the numerical value of the text, or creating words by combining initial letters. These interpretation techniques were also systematized as meditation techniques, and eventually spread from southern France to Spain, where they reached their peak. Nahammanides' commentary on the Pentateuch is considered one of his masterpieces. In it, he explores, in the form of annotations, the hidden mysteries of the infinite God that are not mentioned in orthodox Judaism. This direction had a major influence on the subsequent development of Jewish thought, and in the 18th century it took the form of Hasidism and spread to many Jews in Eastern Europe.

Kabbalah
Kavala

A city in northern Greece, eastern Macedonia. It is a port city on the Gulf of Kavala in the Aegean Sea, about 130 km northeast of Thessaloniki. It was known as Neapolis in ancient times and Christoupolis in Byzantine times. It was part of the Ottoman Empire from 1387 to 1912. It later became part of Greece, but was occupied by Bulgaria in 1312-13, 16-18, and 142-144, seeking access to the Aegean Sea. It is currently the main shipping port for the tobacco-growing region of northern Greece. Rice and melons are grown on the reclaimed land to the east of the city. A Roman aqueduct remains near the old town, and many Roman and Byzantine ruins and works of art are preserved. Population: 58,576 (1991 estimate).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
12~13世紀頃に形成されたユダヤ神秘主義および神智学の発展した形態をいい,さらに一般的には,古代にまでさかのぼるユダヤ教の一連の秘教的な教理をいう。カバラは語源からいって「受取られたもの」をさし,モーセ五書以外のユダヤ教の諸書および預言書を意味した。 12~13世紀にライン地方で始った敬虔主義的な運動のなかでは,父祖伝来の祈祷を解釈するために,各アルファベットに一定の数を当てて文章の数値を発見したり,頭文字の組合せによる造語を行うなどの方法が用いられた。こうした解釈技法は,また瞑想の技法としても体系化され,やがて南フランスからスペインにかけて広まって,最盛期を迎えた。ナハマニデスのモーセ五書注解はその代表作の一つとされる。そのなかでは,注釈の形を借りて,正統的ユダヤ教では触れられることのない無限なる神の隠れたる秘義が探求されている。こうした方向は,その後のユダヤ教思想の展開に大きな影響を及ぼし,18世紀にはハシディズムという形態をとって,東ヨーロッパのユダヤ人の多くに浸透した。

カバラ
Kavála

ギリシア北部,マケドニア地方東部の都市。セサロニキの東北東約 130km,エーゲ海のカバラ湾にのぞむ港湾都市で,古代にはネアポリス,ビサンチン時代にはクリストゥポリスとして知られた。 1387~1912年オスマン帝国領。その後ギリシア領となったが,エーゲ海への出口を求めたブルガリアによって 12~13年,16~18年,42~44年占領された。現在ギリシア北部のタバコ栽培地帯の主要積出港。市の東に広がる干拓地ではイネやメロンが栽培される。旧市街のそばにローマ時代の水道橋が残っているほか,ローマ時代やビザンチン時代の遺跡,美術品などが多数保存されている。人口5万 8576 (1991推計) 。

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