HLA - High Level A

Japanese: HLA - えいちえるえー
HLA - High Level A

Human leukocyte antigen. Abbreviation of human leukocyte antigen. Also called human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen. The A in HLA is an abbreviation of antigen, meaning antigen, but it is generally called HLA antigen, and is also written as HLA antigen in English. Antigens are markers that recognize pathogenic microorganisms that invade from the outside as non-self that are different from self (immune response), and distinguish them, while histocompatibility antigens determine each individual's unique immunological self.

Each cell in the body, including white blood cells, has an HLA type that corresponds to the blood type of red blood cells. Just as it is important for the blood types of red blood cells (A, B, AB, O) to match during a blood transfusion, a mismatch can cause rejection during an organ transplant.

There are many types of HLA types, and knowing your type can help you know what diseases you are susceptible to, such as diabetes, thyroiditis, Behcet's disease, ulcerative colitis, narcolepsy, etc. There is also "cancer vaccine therapy," which uses vaccines developed to be effective against specific HLA types in order to enhance the effectiveness of cancer treatment.

[Editorial Department, April 18, 2017]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ヒト白血球抗原。human leukocyte antigenの略である。ヒト組織適合性白血球抗原human histocompatibility leukocyte antigenともよばれる。HLAのAはantigenの略で抗原の意味であるが、一般にHLA抗原とよぶことが多く、英文もHLA antigenと表記する。外から侵入する病原微生物などを自己と異なる非自己として認識し(免疫応答)、区別する目印となるのが抗原で、組織適合性抗原は個体ごとに特有の免疫学的自己を決定づけている。

 白血球をはじめ全身の細胞にはそれぞれ赤血球の血液型に相当するHLA型があり、輸血の際に赤血球のA、B、AB、Oの血液型の一致が重要であるように、これが一致しないと臓器移植で拒絶反応が起こる。

 HLA型には多くのタイプがあるが、自分のタイプを知れば糖尿病、甲状腺(せん)炎、ベーチェット病、潰瘍(かいよう)性大腸炎、ナルコレプシーなど、かかりやすい病気を知ることができる。また、がん治療の効果を高めるために、特定のHLA型に効くよう開発されたワクチンを用いる「がんワクチン療法」もある。

[編集部 2017年4月18日]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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