A heliport is an airport designated by law that is used for helicopter take-off and landing. Helicopters do not always take off and land vertically. Depending on the weight at take-off, temperature, air pressure, and other conditions, it may be more advantageous in terms of performance to make a short runway or to ascend while moving forward. It is also advantageous from an operational standpoint, so a certain amount of space is required for take-off and landing. Therefore, in Japan, the Civil Aeronautics Act Enforcement Regulations classify heliports according to the length of the runway and the width of the landing strip, with four classes for land and two for water. Therefore, legally, a heliport is a regular airport with permanent facilities for helicopter take-off and landing, and those temporarily installed on mountains or in schoolyards for rescue, pesticide spraying, reporting, etc. cannot be properly called heliports. Heliports that are mainly installed on the rooftops of high-rise buildings in cities, taking advantage of the characteristics of helicopters, must not only be large, but also must be designed to ensure that the landing strip and approach route are not restricted by surrounding buildings and structures, to prevent a sudden change in performance due to a sudden decrease in ground effect when a helicopter takes off and moves forward and leaves the rooftop of a building, to deal with emergency landings when the engine stops immediately after taking off, to ensure safety measures for storing fuel within the building, to suppress noise, to ensure the strength of the building rooftop, etc. Furthermore, airport facilities are necessary for regular passenger transport, and safety considerations are also required for setting up routes that pass through densely populated areas, so it is not easy to install a full-scale heliport on the rooftop of a building in a city. [Kazuo Ochiai] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
法律に定められている飛行場のうち、ヘリコプターの発着のために用いられるものをいう。ヘリコプターはつねに垂直に離着陸するとは限らず、離陸時の重量や気温・気圧などの条件によっては、短い滑走を行ったり前進しながら上昇するほうが性能上有利なことがあり、また運用面からも有利なため、発着にはある程度の広さが必要である。そこで日本では航空法施行規則に、ヘリポートを滑走路の長さや着陸帯の広さによって区分し、陸上は四つ、水上は二つの等級を設けている。したがって法律的には、ヘリポートとはヘリコプターの発着のために恒久的な設備を施した正規の飛行場をいい、救難、農薬散布、報道などのために山上や校庭などに臨時に設置したものは、正しくはヘリポートとはいえないことになる。ヘリポートのうち、おもにヘリコプターの特性を利用して、都会の高層ビルの屋上などに設置されるものの場合は、ヘリポート自体の広さだけではなく、周囲の建物や構築物によって着陸帯や進入経路が制限を受けない配慮や、ヘリコプターが浮揚して前進しビルの屋上を外れたときの地面効果の急減による性能の急変、浮揚直後のエンジン停止時の不時着対策、ビル内の燃料貯蔵の安全対策、騒音の抑制、ビル屋上の強度の確保などの問題を解決しなければならない。また定期旅客輸送を行うには、空港としての設備が必要であり、人口密集地帯を通過するための航路の設定にも安全上の配慮が必要で、都市内のビル屋上の本格的なヘリポートの設置は容易とはいえない。 [落合一夫] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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