An animal of the family Hippopotamidae in the order Artiodactyla of the class Mammalia. Other members of this family include the pygmy hippopotamus, Choeropsis liberiensis , which consists of two genera and two species. This species once inhabited rivers throughout Africa, but in the second half of the 20th century, apart from a few protected areas such as Kruger National Park, it became almost extinct in Sudan north of Khartoum and south of the Zambezi River in southern Sudan. Its habitat is rivers and lakes, and it spends most of its time in the water during the day. [Shiro Nakagawa] form Among land animals, it rivals the white rhino for weight, with adult males reaching 4.2 metres in length, 1.5 metres at the shoulder and weighing up to 3 tons. Females are slightly smaller, weighing between 1.5 and 2 tons. Its body shape resembles that of a pig, but it has a large head and cylindrical limbs that support its huge body, with four widely spaced webbed fingers and hoof-like claws at the ends. Its face is long and flat, with the eyes protruding upward from the surface and its nostrils protruding slightly, forming slits. Its ears are small and movable. It has very little hair on the surface of its body, but sparse bristles grow around the corners of its mouth, ears and tail. Its body is dark reddish brown, and it protects its skin by secreting a reddish brown liquid called "blood sweat" from small pores in its skin. Its dentition is [Shiro Nakagawa] EcologyThey usually live in groups of 20 to 100 and spend most of the day in the water. Only their eyes and nostrils are visible above the water, and if they sense something suspicious approaching, they quickly dive underwater to hide. They are mainly active in the early morning and in the evening and at night, and spend a long time eating grass near the water. They make dung mounds in key areas of their territory, and have the special skill of swinging their tails from side to side when defecating, scattering the feces. They are very agile in the water, but it is thought that the fat layer distributed under the skin acts like a swim bladder. They do not have a specific mating season, and mating takes place in the water. The gestation period is about 7 to 8 months, and they give birth to one baby. Newborn babies weigh 30 to 40 kilograms, are 90 centimeters long, and 45 centimeters high. They give birth either in the water or on land, but usually in shallow water near the water. The babies can swim immediately after birth, and they nurse in the water. They can usually stay underwater for about one minute, but if they are startled, they can stay underwater for several minutes. Their lifespan is said to be 40 to 50 years. Nagoya City's Higashiyama Zoo and Botanical Gardens is famous for breeding hippos in Japan, and the pair Shigekichi, who arrived in 1952 (Showa 27), and Fukuko, who arrived in 1954, gave birth to 19 calves, whose descendants are kept in zoos around the country (Fukuko died in August 1997, and Shigekichi in April 2001). [Shiro Nakagawa] "Hippo's Ark - The Light and Shadow of the Zoo" by Yasuhiko Miyajima (1987, Asahi Shimbun)" ▽ "African Hippopotamus Exploration - Report from Uganda, the Homeland of Hippos" by Yasuhiko Miyajima (1996, Kaiseisha) ▽ "That's Why We Talk About Hippos" by Yasuhiko Miyajima (Asahi Bunko) [Reference] | |It is found mainly in sub-Saharan Africa. It lives in lakes and rivers in the grasslands. It has a large head and flat face with eyes protruding from the top and nostrils that protrude slightly. Its head and body length is 375-460cm, its shoulder height is about 150cm, and its weight is 3000-4500kg for males (1500-2000kg for females). ©Shogakukan "> Hippopotamus Distributed in Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea in West Africa. Inhabits forest areas and humid waterside areas. Similar to a hippopotamus, but the eyes and nose do not protrude from the face, and there are no webbed feet between the toes. Head and body length 150-180cm, shoulder height 75-100cm, weight 180-250kg ©Shogakukan "> Pygmy Hippopotamus Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
哺乳(ほにゅう)綱偶蹄(ぐうてい)目カバ科の動物。この科にはほかにコビトカバChoeropsis liberiensisが含まれ、2属2種である。本種はかつてはアフリカ中の河川に生息していたが、20世紀後半には、クルーガー国立公園など2、3の保護区を別にすれば、スーダンのハルトゥーム以北と南部のザンベジ川以南ではほとんど絶滅してしまった。生息地は河川、湖沼で、日中はほとんど水中で生活する。 [中川志郎] 形態陸生動物中ゾウに次ぐ体重をシロサイと競い、成獣の雄では体長4.2メートル、肩高1.5メートル、体重は3トンに達する。雌はこれよりもやや小さく体重1.5~2トンほどである。体形としてはブタに似るが頭部は大きく、巨大な体を支える四肢は円柱状をなし、4本の指は間が離れていて水かきがあり、先端にはひづめ状の平づめがある。顔は長く平らで、目の部分はその面から上部に突出してつき、鼻孔もやや突き出し、裂孔を形成する。耳は小さく可動性である。体表の毛は極端に少ないが、口端や耳、尾端部にはまばらな剛毛を生やしている。体色は暗赤褐色で、皮膚の小孔から「血汗(けっかん)」とよばれる赤褐色の液体を分泌し、皮膚を保護している。歯式は [中川志郎] 生態通常20~100頭の群れをなして生活し、日中のほとんどを水中で過ごす。目と鼻の穴だけを水面に出し、怪しいものが近づくと、すぐに水中に潜って隠れる。行動はおもに早朝と、夕方から夜にかけて行われ、水辺の草を長い時間をかけて食べる。縄張りの要所には糞塚(ふんづか)をつくるが、排糞時に尾を左右に振り回して、糞を飛び散らす特技がある。水中での行動は実に軽快であるが、皮下に分布する脂肪層が浮き袋的役目をすると考えられている。発情期はとくになく、交尾は水中で行われる。妊娠期間はおよそ7、8か月で、1産1子。新生子は体重30~40キログラム、体長90センチメートル、体高45センチメートルほどである。出産は、水中、陸地いずれでも行われるが、通常は水辺の浅瀬が多い。子は、出産後すぐに泳ぐことができ、哺乳は水中で行われる。水中に潜っていられる時間は普通1分程度であるが、何かに驚いたときには数分間にわたることがある。寿命は40~50年といわれる。日本のカバの繁殖では、名古屋市東山動植物園が有名で、1952年(昭和27)来園の重吉と54年来園の福子のペアは19頭の子を産み、その子孫は全国の動物園で飼育されている(福子は1997年8月、重吉は2001年4月死亡)。 [中川志郎] 『宮嶋康彦著『河馬の方舟――動物園の光と影』(1987・朝日新聞社)』▽『宮嶋康彦著『アフリカ・カバ探検――カバのふるさとウガンダ取材記』(1996・偕成社)』▽『宮嶋康彦著『だからカバの話』(朝日文庫)』 [参照項目] | |おもにサハラ砂漠以南のアフリカに分布。草原の湖や河川にすむ。頭部は大きく、平らな顔から目が上部に突出してつき、鼻孔もやや突き出す。頭胴長375~460cm、肩高約150cm、体重雄3000~4500kg(雌1500~2000kg)©Shogakukan"> カバ 西アフリカのリベリア、シエラレオネ、ギニアに分布。森林地帯や湿気の多い水辺に生息する。カバに似ているが、目と鼻が顔面から突出せず、指間に水かきがない。頭胴長150~180cm、肩高75~100cm、体重180~250kg©Shogakukan"> コビトカバ 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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