Currently, more than 70 languages are spoken in Ethiopia, including Amharic, but when people say Ethiopian, they usually mean Geez (Classical Ethiopian). In the first millennium BC, some people from South Arabia crossed the Red Sea and entered the plateau region from Eritrea to northern Ethiopia. There, their language, South Arabian, which is a Semitic language, was influenced by the indigenous Cushitic language and developed independently into Geez. The writing system was derived from the South Arabian script and was completed as a syllabary in the 4th century. As the language of the Aksumite Kingdom, which was centered in northern Ethiopia, it has inscriptions from the 3rd and 4th centuries, and the Bible was translated into it from the 5th century onwards. With the collapse of the Aksumite Kingdom, it fell out of use around the 10th century, but it continued to play an important role as a written language until the 19th century, and is still used today as a liturgical term in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church. The verb system retains Semitic characteristics, but the vocabulary and syntax show influences from Cushitic, Greek, and other languages. [Yoichi Tsuge] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
現在エチオピアでは、アムハラ語など70以上の多数の言語が話されているが、エチオピア語という場合には、これらの言語ではなく、ゲエズ語(Geez、古典エチオピア語)をさすのが普通である。紀元前一千年紀に、南アラビアの人々の一部が紅海を渡り、現在のエリトリアからエチオピア北部にかけての高原地帯に入った。そこで彼らの言語であるセム系の南アラビア語が、土着のクシ語の影響を受け、独自に発展成立したのがゲエズ語である。文字も南アラビア文字に由来し4世紀に音節文字として完成した。エチオピア北部を中心とするアクスム王国の言語として、3、4世紀からの碑文資料をもち、5世紀以降には聖書の翻訳も行われた。 アクスム王国の崩壊とともに、10世紀ごろには日常語ではなくなったが、その後も文章語として、19世紀まで重要な地位を占め、今日でもエチオピア正教会の典礼用語として用いられている。動詞組織ではセム語的特徴がよく保たれているが、語彙(ごい)面、統語面でクシ語やギリシア語などの影響がみられる。 [柘植洋一] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
<<: Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Party
>>: Ethiopia Region - Ethiopia (English spelling)
…In Swift's case, the opposing emotional expr...
…After the establishment of the theory of evoluti...
Chemical formula: CH 3 (CH 2 ) 29 OH. Also known a...
A substance that is in a thermodynamically unstabl...
A peak in the Northern Alps in southeastern Toyam...
… [Ken Akasaka] [history] The original indigenous...
...Some contain a large amount of water, while ot...
[Origin] 1801. Taffeta [Died] 1873. Cairo Egyptian...
A lake or marsh that was formed when an area that ...
In central and local government budgets, this ref...
A perennial plant of the lily family, grown in flo...
…In addition, the Qing army, which had Siam (toda...
...However, it seems likely that a considerable n...
…In 1870, he married Mathilde Mautet, who was sun...
Saint. Also called John the Apostle. One of the tw...