Yosano Tekkan - Good Tekkan

Poet and poet. Born in Kyoto on February 26, 1873. His real name was Hiroshi. He abolished the title Tekkan around 1905 (Meiji 38), but is still often referred to by this title. His father, Reigon, was a Shinshu Buddhist poet. With the decline of the temple, Tekkan was adopted into another family at a young age, and moved to Osaka, Okayama, and Tokuyama, experiencing the hardships of life. After working for three years as a teacher at Tokuyama Girls' School, run by his second brother, he moved to Tokyo in 1892 (Meiji 25) and became a disciple of Ochiai Naobumi. The following year, he joined the Asaka-sha, which was founded, and published a poem treatise titled "Sound of a Lost Country" in the Niroku Shinpo. In 1895, he traveled to Korea, but returned to Japan after the Itsumi Incident. The following year he published the poetry collection "Tozai Nanboku" (East, West, North, and South), and the year after that he published "Tenchi Genkou" (The Yellow of Heaven and Earth), which attracted much attention. In April 1900 (Meiji 33), he launched the Shinshisha's magazine "Myojo", which he continued to publish until it ceased publication with its 100th issue in November 1908, nurturing many new writers and promoting the romantic literary movement. At home, after divorcing two women, he married Hou Akiko, and the couple was active in "Myojo". His poetry collections include "Tekkanshi" (1901), "Murasaki" (1901), "Umoreki" (1902), "Dokugusa" (Poisonous Plant) (co-authored with Akiko, 1904), and "Kashi no Ha" (1910), but his mature style of poetry is particularly evident in his collection of poems "Aigikoe" (1910). He wrote poems such as, "What can one think of as the dust of the sky? Hot tears flow." In 1938, he traveled to Europe, and commemorated them with the travelogue From Paris (co-authored with Akiko) and the collection of translated poems Lilac Flowers (both 1914). After the Taisho period, he left the world of tanka poetry, but published the second editions of the magazines Myojo and Touhaku with Akiko and others, and he also enjoyed traveling and continued to compose tanka poetry throughout his life. He died on March 26, 1935, and was buried in Tama Cemetery. His major works are collected in the Complete Works of Yosano Hiroshi Tanka (1933), Collection of Yosano Hiroshi's Posthumous Poems (1935), and Collection of Saikashū (1941).

[Shinichi Shinma]

"Complete Collection of Meiji Literature 51: Yosano Tekkan and Yosano Akiko Collection" (1968, Chikuma Shobo)" ▽ "Biographies of Yosano Tekkan and Akiko by Hemmi Kumi (1975, Yagi Shoten)" ▽ "Yosano Tekkan by Naka Akira (1981, Ohfusha)" ▽ "The Life of Yosano Tekkan - Until the Establishment of Tokyo Shinshisha" by Nagaoka Kensuke (1984, Ohfusha)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

歌人、詩人。明治6年2月26日京都に生まれる。本名寛(ひろし)。鉄幹の号は1905年（明治38）ころ廃したが、いまもこの号で多くよばれる。父礼厳(れいごん)は真宗の歌僧。寺の没落に伴い、鉄幹も少年時代から他家の養子になり、大阪、岡山、徳山と転住し、世の辛酸をなめた。次兄の経営する徳山女学校教師を3年勤めたあと、1892年（明治25）上京し、落合直文(なおぶみ)門に入り、翌年創設されたあさ香(か)社に参加、『二六(にろく)新報』に歌論「亡国の音(おん)」を発表した。95年朝鮮に渡ったが乙未(いつみ)事変にあい帰国。翌年詩歌集『東西南北』を、翌々年『天地玄黄(てんちげんこう)』を刊行、注目された。1900年（明治33）4月、新詩社の機関誌『明星』創刊、08年11月、100号で廃刊まで主宰、多くの新人を育て浪漫(ろうまん)主義文学運動を推進した。家庭的には、2女性との離別を経て鳳晶子(ほうあきこ)と結婚、夫妻で『明星』に活躍した。詩歌集に『鉄幹子』（1901）、『紫』（1901）、『うもれ木』（1902）、『毒草(どくぐさ)』（晶子と共著。1904）、『檞(かし)の葉』（1910）などがあるが、とくに歌集『相聞(あいぎこえ)』（1910）に円熟した歌境がみえる。「大空の塵(ちり)とはいかが思ふべき熱き涙のながるるものを」など。11年渡欧、紀行『巴里(パリ)より』（晶子と共著）、訳詩集『リラの花』（ともに1914）はその記念である。大正期以降、歌壇から離れたが、第二次『明星』、『冬柏(とうはく)』の両誌を晶子らと刊行し、また旅を好んで、終生作歌を続けた。昭和10年3月26日没、多磨霊園に葬られた。『与謝野寛短歌全集』（1933）、『与謝野寛遺稿歌集』（1935）、『采花集(さいかしゅう)』（詩集、1941）に主要作品が集成されている。

［新間進一］

『『明治文学全集51　与謝野鉄幹・与謝野晶子集』（1968・筑摩書房）』▽『逸見久美著『評伝与謝野鉄幹・晶子』（1975・八木書店）』▽『中晧著『与謝野鉄幹』（1981・桜楓社）』▽『永岡健右著『与謝野鉄幹伝――東京新詩社成立まで』（1984・桜楓社）』

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