Qanun (English spelling)

Japanese: カーヌーン(英語表記)qānūn
Qanun (English spelling)
Secular law in Islamic countries. The word originates from the Greek word kanon. In addition to shari'a, which is roughly equivalent to canon law in Christian societies, it is synonymous with 'āda and 'urf, which are customary laws of various regions. As Islam developed and regions with different customs and practices were included, customary laws of each region that did not strongly conflict with shari'a were preserved. Many kanuns are based on custom ('āda), but some, such as the Ottoman Qānūn Nāmeh, are established by the monarch based on his own will for the purpose of political management. In Persia, the constitution established by the Qājār dynasty in 1906 is called kanun.

Qanun
Qānūm

A plucked string instrument of the zither family used in Arab and Turkish classical music. It has 24-26 triple strings (made of sheepskin or nylon) stretched on a trapezoidal, flat box, and a thin piece of leather stretched over the right third of the soundboard, on which the bridge rests. The left end of the box, which is cut diagonally, has a row of pins for tuning the strings, and the part that touches the upper bridge has a device that can instantly change the pitch up or down slightly. The player places the instrument horizontally on his lap and strums it with artificial nails worn on the index fingers of both hands. In classical music, the instrument is mainly played with taksim, emphasizing the main melody, while requiring fast tremolo-like passages, and requires an advanced playing technique that requires rapid index finger movements.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
イスラム諸国の世俗法。語源はギリシア語の kanonからきた。キリスト教社会における教会法 canon lawにほぼ相当するシャリーア shari'aとは別に,諸地域の慣習法であるアーダー'āda,ウルフ'urfと同義語。イスラム教の発展に従い,風俗習慣を異にする地域が包含されると,シャリーアと強く衝突しない各地の慣習法は温存された。カーヌーンには,慣習 (アーダー) に基づいたものが多いが,なかにはオスマン朝の「カーヌーン・ナーメ」 Qānūn Nāmehのように,君主が政治運営の必要上から,自己の意思に基づいて制定したものをいうこともある。ペルシアでは,1906年カージャール Qājār朝で制定した憲法をカーヌーンと呼んでいる。

カーヌーン
qānūm

アラブ諸国およびトルコの古典音楽に使われるツィター属の撥弦楽器。梯形の平板な箱の上に 24~26コースの3重弦 (羊腸またはナイロン) が張られ,共鳴板の右側約3分の1には薄い皮が張られ,駒はこの皮の上に立てられる。斜めに切込まれた箱の左端には弦を調律するピンが並び,上駒に当る部分には,微小な音程をただちに上下に変えうる装置がある。奏者は楽器を水平に膝の上に置き,両手の人差指にはめた義爪でかき鳴らす。古典音楽では主としてタクシームを演奏し旋律の主要音を強調しながら,速いトレモロ風のパッセージを必要とし,めまぐるしく人差指を動かす高度な演奏法がある。

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