Eiyuuri

Japanese: 永売 - えいうり

…It means a permanent sale, and is often seen in the medieval land purchase contracts known as 'baikei', and is used as a word with a similar meaning to today's 'sale'. In ancient Japanese society, the word 'sell' in land sales took two forms: 'bai', which meant rent, and 'eiyai', which was the prototype of 'eiyai'. However, not only rent, where the land was rented for one year in exchange for payment, but also 'eiyai', which was the prototype of 'eiyai', did not mean a complete transfer of ownership as in today's case, but always assumed the seller's redemption or repurchase. …

From 【Rent】

…In ancient Japan, unlike today, there were two types of actions that were considered to be sales: sales limited to one year and sales limited to a long term. For real estate such as fields and gardens, the former was called rent-so in the Ritsuryo code, and the latter, which is contrasted with rent-so, was usually called eiiuri. However, in imperial edicts and historical documents, both are expressed as sales, and the term rent-so is rarely used. …

From "Return of the Honsen"

… In this way, the honzengaeshi in (3) and (4) is practically indistinguishable from irejichi (pawning), and honzengaeshi is considered to be an intermediate form between buying and selling and pawning. There is some debate as to whether the essence of honzengaeshi is buying and selling or pawning, but the term eiuri used in ancient land sales certificates was not the same as the modern ure, and redemption and buyback were assumed. In addition, honzengaeshi and nenkibaes existed as general land sales in the Kanto, Tohoku, Kyushu, and other regions in the Middle Ages. Historically, honzengaeshi can be considered to be a form that was created in the process of separating the pawning form from the buying and selling form, when the two were still in a state of separation, and it was widely inherited as a form of land sales for farmers in the early modern period. [Katsumata Shizuo]. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Eiuri" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…永久に売る売却の意で，中世の土地売買契約書である売券に多くみられ，今日の〈売却〉に近い意味の言葉として使用されている。日本の古代社会の土地売却における〈売る〉という語には，賃租を意味する〈売〉と〈永売〉という2形態が存在した。しかし，代価を支払って1年間借耕する賃租はもちろんのこと，永代売の祖型である〈永売〉も今日のようなその所有権の完全な移転を意味する売却ではなく，売主の請戻し･買戻しが常に前提とされていた。…

【賃租】より

…日本古代では，今日と違って売買と観念される行為には2種類あり，1年を限る売買と長期間にわたる永年を限る売買があった。田地･園地などの不動産では，前者を律令用語で賃租といい，賃租と対比される後者をふつう永売と呼んだ。ただし詔勅や文書史料には両者とも売買と表現され，賃租の語はほとんど使用されていない。…

【本銭返し】より

…　このように(3)(4)の本銭返しは，入質（いれじち）と実質的に区別しがたく，本銭返しは売買と質入れの中間形態とされている。この本銭返しの本質が売買か質入れかについては議論の分かれるところであるが，古代の土地売券に使用される〈永売（えいうり）〉も現在の売ると同じではなく，請戻し，買戻しが前提とされていること，本銭返し，年季売などの形態が，中世の関東･東北，九州などの諸地方において一般的土地売却として存在したことなどからいえば，本銭返しは，歴史的には質入形式から売買形式が分離する過程の，なお両者の未分離状態のもとで生まれた形態と位置づけることが可能であり，農民の土地売却形態としては，ひろく近世にも継承された。【勝俣鎮夫】。…

※「永売」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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