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A Chinese literati painter from the early Qing dynasty. The Four Wangs (Wang Shimin, Wang Jian, Wang Hui, and Wang Yuanqi) are known as the Four Wangs and Wu Yun, or the Six Great Masters of the Early Qing Dynasty, with Wu Li and Yun Ge added. His original name was Ge, and his pen name was Shouping, but later Shouping became his regular name, and he was given the pen name Zhengshu. His pen name was Nanden. He was also known as Yunxi Waishi, Baiyun Waishi, and Dongyuan Caoyi. He was from Changzhou (Wujin County, Jiangsu Province), and was originally from a distinguished family, but by the end of the Ming Dynasty, when he was born, he was poor, and spent his life as an independent painter, dying in abject poverty at the age of 56. He was skilled in calligraphy as well as poetry. He became friends with Wang Hui, and it is said that upon seeing Wang Hui's excellent landscape paintings, he gave up landscape painting and devoted himself to bird-and-flower painting. His realistic style of painting, which involved no coloring and no bones, opened up new possibilities for bird-and-flower painting, and became a typical example of bird-and-flower painting in the Qing dynasty thereafter. This style of bird-and-flower painting is called the Changzhou school, and from this school came Jiang Yanxi, Zou Yigui, and Qian Dayin.

[Shinya Hoshiyama]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、清(しん)代初期の文人画家。四王（王時敏(おうじびん)、王鑑(おうかん)、王翬(おうき)、王原祁(おうげんき)）に呉歴(ごれき)と惲格を加えて、四王呉惲(しおうごうん)または清初の六大家とよぶ。初名を格、字(あざな)を寿平(じゅへい)といったが、のち寿平が通常の名となり、正叔と字(あざな)す。号は南田(なんでん)。別に雲渓外史、白雲外史、東園草衣とも号した。常州（江蘇(こうそ)省武進県）出身で、もとは名家の出であったが、彼の生まれた明(みん)末には貧窮し、在野の画家として一生を過ごし、清貧のうちに56歳で没した。詩文とともに書もよくした。王翬と親交を結び、王翬の山水に優れているのをみて、山水画を断念して花鳥画に専心したと伝える。著色没骨(もっこつ)の写生画風をもってそれまでの花鳥画に新生面を開き、以後の清朝花鳥画の一典型となった。この花鳥画風は常州派とよばれ、この派から蒋延錫(しょうえんしゃく)、鄒一桂(すういっけい)、銭大昕(せんたいきん)が出た。

［星山晋也］

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