Renban - Renban

Japanese: 連判 - れんばん

〘 noun 〙 (later also called "renpan") 1. When multiple people sign a document. They write their own signatures or their signatures. In the Ritsuryo system, official documents often had the names and ranks of all officials from the Chief Justice down to the fourth rank written in a row . *Ritsu (718) Official System "The judge received a _ten -point _sentence for violating the law. _Furthermore , _two officials were given a joint judgment, and _each _{was given} _two points." [Tang Ritsu Commentary - Famous Examples - Public Sitting on the Same Official's Bench] 2. When two or more people jointly sign a document and write their signatures or stamp their seals. Reppan . ※Nichiren's writings - Happu to Shingon Haji (1277) "Kiyomori wrote a petition and made a petition with a joint signature by more than twenty people of his class" ③ = Renjo (joint signature) ②※Shogun Regent's Affairs (around 1334?) Bun'ei 1 "Jishū <abbreviated> Tokiyori's third son. After August 11, _two _joint _signatures were added. Age 15" [Essay] (Regarding ②) (1 ) It was noted in the writing ceremony, and the form of joint signature is mentioned in historical texts such as Toki Toshitsuna's "Kachu Chikuma-ki" ( 1511 ) and Ise Sadayori's "Shugo Daisoshi - Shofu no Koto" ( 1528 ). In both cases, the signature and seal (senior seal) of the superior should be written at the back of the document.
(2) Soga Shosuke's "Wakana Rikei-go" ("Japanese Letters Book-Five"), compiled during the Genna era ( 1615-1624 ), distinguishes between "rensho" and "renpan," stating that if the seal is on the front, it should be called "renpan," and if there is no seal or it is on the back, it should be called "rensho." The book also cites the theory that if there are many addresses, it is called "rensho," and if there are many seals, it is called "renpan," but states that this is not an appropriate distinction.
(3) In the case of written signatures, the order of the signatures of the superior and subordinates was important. However, the ' Karakasarenban' (umbrella signature) is the opposite, in which the central or superior person is not identified and the signatures are placed radially with the aim of equality. This is seen in contracts for samurai uprisings in the Muromachi period and in complaints by farmers in the early modern period.

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘名〙 (後世「れんぱん」とも)① 文書に複数の人が署名を連ねること。自署あるいは花押を書く。律令制の公文書には長官以下四等官(しとうかん)までが位署姓名を書き連ねる様式が多い。※律（718）職制「判官受_二得枉法贓十端_一。更有_二両官連判_一、各分_二二端_一与_レ之」〔唐律疏議‐名例・同職犯公坐〕② 一通の文書に二人以上のものが連名で記名して、花押を書き、あるいは印を捺(お)すこと。列判(れっぱん)。※日蓮遺文‐八風等真言破事（1277）「清盛が一類二十余人起請をかき連判をして願を立て」③ ＝れんじょ（連署）②※将軍執権次第（1334頃か）文永元年「時宗〈略〉時頼三男。八月十一日以後令_レ加_二連判_一。年十五歳」[語誌](②について) (1)書札礼(しょさつれい)において注目され、土岐利綱「家中竹馬記」（一五一一）、伊勢貞頼「宗五大草紙‐書札之事」（一五二八）等の故実書に、連判の形式についての言及が見える。いずれも書面の奥に上位者の署名、判（上判）を記すべきとする。
(2)元和年間（一六一五‐二四）成立の曾我尚祐「和簡礼経‐五」は、「連署」と「連判」を区別し、判形が表にあれば「連判」、判形がなかったり、裏にあったりする場合は「連署」と言うべきであるとする。同書は、また、宛所が多ければ「連署」、判形が多ければ「連判」と言うとする説を挙げ、これは適当な区分ではないとしている。
(3)書札礼では、連判は上位者・下位者の判の順が問題とされているが、「傘連判(からかされんばん)」は、逆に、中心人物・上位者を明らかにせず、平等を旨として放射状に連判をなす形式で、室町時代の武士の一揆の契約状や、近世の農民の訴状などに見られる。

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