Kana calendar - Kanagoyomi

This refers to Japanese calendars written in kana. They are usually written in hiragana, but some are written in katakana. In contrast to guchu-reki, which are written entirely in kanji, calendars written in hiragana are also called soureki. Handwritten kana calendars began to appear towards the end of the Heian period, and as kana became more widespread, they spread among the general public. As demand increased, calendar makers who published calendars appeared in various regions. Local calendars known today include the Kyoto calendar made by the Daikyoji and Inkyoji of Kyoto, the Nanto calendar made by the Onmyouji of Nara, the Nyu calendar made by the Nyu calendar of Ise Nyu, the Senshu calendar made by the calendar makers of Geku in Ise Yamada and Naiku in Uji, the Mishima calendar made by the Izu Mishima, the Edo calendar made by calendar wholesalers in Edo, the Aizu calendar made by Aizu Wakamatsu, the Satsuma calendar made by Kagoshima, and at the end of the Edo period, the Sendai calendar and the Akita calendar. These were all officially recognized calendars after the Jokyo calendar reform (1684). There were also other phantom calendars such as the Omiya calendar (Omiya, Saitama Prefecture) and the Osaka calendar, whose names remain but no longer exist.

[Toshio Watanabe]

"The Japanese Calendar" by Toshio Watanabe (1976, Yuzankaku Publishing)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

日本の暦書で仮名書きにしたものをいう。普通は平仮名で書かれるが、片仮名書きのものもある。漢字ばかりで書かれた具注暦(ぐちゅうれき)に対して平仮名書きのものを草暦(そうれき)ともいう。平安時代末期ごろから手書きの仮名暦が発生し、仮名の普及に伴って一般庶民の間に広まった。需要の増大とともに各地方に暦を版行する暦師が発生した。今日知られている地方版暦には、京都の大経師(だいきょうじ)・院経師(いんきょうじ)の京暦、奈良の陰陽師(おんみょうじ)の版になる南都暦、伊勢(いせ)丹生(にゅう)の丹生暦、泉州信太(しのだ)の泉州暦、伊勢山田の外宮(げくう)および宇治の内宮の暦師の版行する伊勢暦、伊豆三島の三島暦、江戸の暦問屋の江戸暦、会津若松の会津暦、鹿児島の薩摩(さつま)暦、幕末になると仙台暦、秋田暦など。これらは貞享(じょうきょう)改暦（1684）以後は公に認められた暦である。ほかに大宮暦（埼玉県大宮）、大坂暦など名称だけ残って実物の現存しない幻の暦もあった。

［渡辺敏夫］

『渡辺敏夫著『日本の暦』（1976・雄山閣出版）』

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