This refers to the decay series of radioactive nuclides beginning with uranium-238. It is also called the uranium series. Since the mass numbers of the nuclides in this series are all 4n +2 ( n is a positive integer), it is also called the 4n +2 series. It is believed that the solar system began to condense about 6 billion years ago. The age of the Earth is thought to be about 4.5 billion years, and it is believed that the uranium present on Earth at that time became oxide and was included in the crust. Since the half-life of uranium-238 is about the same as the age of the Earth, half of the uranium-238 at that time radioactively decayed into other nuclides. Uranium-234, one of the natural isotopes of uranium, was produced during the decay of uranium-238, which eventually became lead-206, a stable isotope of lead, through isotopes of other elements with mass number 4n +2. The isotopes produced during the decay were sometimes given names that were derived from the name of the element that they were made from, but these were historical and not official names. Other decay series of natural radioactive nuclides include the actinium series and the thorium series, and an artificially produced radioactive nuclide decay series is the neptunium series. [Iwamoto Shinbu] [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ウラン238から始まる放射性核種の崩壊系列をいう。ウラン系列ということもある。この系列の核種の質量数は、すべて4n+2(nは正の整数)となるので4n+2系列ともいわれる。 太陽系は約60億年前に凝集し始めたと考えられている。地球の年齢は約45億年とされているが、当時地球にあったウランは酸化物となって地殻に含まれるようになったと考えられている。ウラン238の半減期も地球の年齢と同程度であるから、当時のウラン238の半分は放射崩壊してほかの核種に変化したわけである。ウランの天然同位体の一つであるウラン234は、ウラン238の崩壊の途中で生じたもので、ウラン238は質量数4n+2の値をもつ他の元素の同位体を経て、最終的には鉛の安定同位体である鉛206になる。途中で生じた同位体には、その元素名とは別の元素名をつけた名称が与えられることもあったが、それは歴史的なもので、正式名称ではない。 天然放射性核種の崩壊系列には、このほかにアクチニウム系列とトリウム系列があり、人工的につくられた放射性核種の崩壊系列としてはネプツニウム系列がある。 [岩本振武] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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