Environmental radiation

Japanese: 環境放射線 - かんきょうほうしゃせん(英語表記)environmental radiation
Environmental radiation
This refers to radiation to which the human body is exposed in the places where we normally live. Except for special cases such as medical treatment, radiation to which the human body is exposed consists of so-called natural radiation, such as cosmic rays from outer space, gamma rays from natural radioactive elements in the earth, and radiation from potassium 40 ( 40K ) and radon in the body, as well as radiation from artificial radioactive materials generated by human use of atomic energy. The global average amount of natural radiation is 2.4 millisieverts per year, but it varies depending on the environment. Regarding environmental radiation caused by atomic energy use, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has stated that radiation should be reduced "as low as reasonably possible" in areas around power reactors, and this is called ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable). The idea that radiation should be reduced "as low as possible" is called ALAP (as low as practicable). Since the Rio Declaration (→ Rio Declaration on Environment and Development) at the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, there has been an increasing movement to protect not only humans but the environment as a whole from radiation.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
通常生活をする場所で人体が被曝する放射線をいう。医療などの特別な場合を除き,人体が被曝する放射線は,宇宙空間からくる宇宙線,地中に存在する天然放射性元素からのγ線,および体内のカリウム 40(40K) やラドンからの放射線といういわゆる自然放射線と,人類の原子力利用によって発生した人工の放射性物質からの放射線からなる。自然放射線の量は世界平均では年あたり 2.4ミリシーベルトであるが,環境により変動する。原子力利用に伴う環境放射線について,国際放射線防護委員会 ICRPは,動力炉の周辺地区では「合理的に可能なかぎり」下げるべきであるとしており,これを ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) という。また「可能なかぎり」下げるべきであるとする考え方を ALAP (as low as practicable) という。 1992年の「環境と開発に関する国連会議」におけるリオ宣言 (→環境と開発に関するリオ宣言 ) 以後,対人間だけでなく,環境全体に対する放射線防護の動きが高まっている。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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