Uttuhegaru - Uttuhegaru

Japanese: ウトゥヘガル - うとぅへがる

…
[United Kingdom - Third Dynasty of Ur]
When the Akkadian Kingdom (c. 2350-c. 2170 BC?) was in decline due to invasions by the Gutians, an independent Sumerian city-kingdom began to flourish, first in Lagash, and during the reign of Gudea (reigned c. 2143-c. 2124 BC), a wealthy small territorial state inherited the wide trading sphere of the Akkadian Empire. Somewhat after Gudea, Utuhegal, King of Uruk, drove the Gutians back into the mountains, restored Sumerian rule, and proclaimed himself "King of the Four Worlds." The hegemony of Utuhegal was inherited by his subordinate (some say his son or brother), the military governor of Ur, Ur-Nammu, and thus the unified Sumerian-Akkad kingdom of the Third Dynasty of Ur (2112-2004 BC), which lasted for about a century over five generations, was established, and the "Sumerian Renaissance" was realized. The compilation of the world's oldest surviving legal code by its founder Ur-Nammu (the Code of Ur-Nammu), as well as the land surveys and demarcation of provinces over a vast area, are fitting signs of the beginning of this dynasty, which had the characteristics of a centralized state supported by a group of officials.

From Mesopotamia

…After the next king, the dynasty fell into chaos due to invasions by the Gutians, but the southern Sumer region was relatively peaceful, and Lagash in particular enjoyed prosperity. In the second half of the 22nd century BCE, Ut-hegal of Uruk drove out the Gutians, and his son (or brother) Ur-Nammu gained independence in Ur, and a unified Sumerian dynasty was established here (the Third Dynasty of Ur). The dynasty reached its zenith under the second king, Shulgi. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Utuhegal" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…
［統一王国――ウル第3王朝］
　アッカド王国(前2350ころ‐前2170ころ？)がグティ人の侵入によって衰えた頃，まずラガシュにシュメール人の独立都市王国が栄え始め，グデア(在位，前2143ころ‐前2124ころ)の時代にはアッカド帝国の広い交易圏を受け継いだ富裕な小領土国家が確立された。グデアにやや遅れてグティ人を山岳地帯に追い返し，シュメール人の支配を回復，〈四方世界の王〉を称したウルク王ウトゥヘガルの覇権は，その配下(子ないし弟との説もある)のウル軍事総督ウルナンムの継承するところとなり，ここに5代約1世紀に及ぶ，シュメール人によるシュメール，アッカドの統一王国ウル第3王朝(前2112‐前2004)が成立し，〈シュメール･ルネサンス〉が実現した。　創始者ウルナンムの現存世界最古の法典の編纂(〈ウルナンム法典〉)や，広大な地域にわたる検地と属州画定は，官僚群を支柱とする中央集権的国家の側面をもつこの王朝の開幕を飾るにふさわしい。…

【メソポタミア】より

…次王ののち王朝はグティ人侵入により混乱に陥るが，南部シュメール地方は比較的平和であり，とりわけラガシュは繁栄を享受していた。　前22世紀後半，ウルクのウトゥヘガルがグティ人を駆逐し，さらに彼の子(ないし兄弟)ウルナンムがウルで独立して，ここにシュメール人の統一王朝が成立した(ウル第3王朝)。2代王シュルギのとき王朝は最盛となる。…

※「ウトゥヘガル」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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