Ukou route - Ukou route

Japanese: 宇高航路 - うこうこうろ
Ukou route - Ukou route

The name of a route managed by Shikoku Railway Company (JR Shikoku). Formerly a railway connecting route. 11.3 nautical miles (21.0 km, average distance of up and down routes) between Uno (Okayama Prefecture) and Takamatsu (Kagawa Prefecture), but the operating mileage is 18 km. The first railway connecting route between Honshu and Shikoku was opened in 1903 (Meiji 36) by Sanyo Railway Company's subsidiary Sanyo Kisen Company between Okayama and Takamatsu and Onomichi and Tadotsu, and was nationalized together with Sanyo Railway in 1906. With the opening of the Uno Line in 1910, the above two routes were abolished and a new route between Uno and Takamatsu was started. When the Uno-Takamatsu sea route was first opened, general freight was transferred to barges, but in 1921 (Taisho 10), freight cars were transported by towing barges, and in 1930 (Showa 5), ​​the first self-propelled freight car ferry went into service. A passenger freight car ferry went into service in 1948 (Showa 23). Since the route was opened, it has been a part of the main transportation route connecting Honshu and Shikoku, but since the 1970s, the importance of the Uno-Takamatsu ferry route has declined with the development of air and automobile transportation. However, high-speed boats continued to operate between Uno and Takamatsu, and in 1972, the Japanese National Railways (JNR) began operating hovercrafts, which reduced the journey time from one hour by regular ferry to 23 minutes. In 1987, following the privatization of JNR, the route came under the management of JR Shikoku. With the completion of the Setouchi Ohashi Bridge in 1988, the Honshibisan Line (Setouchi Ohashi Line, Chayamachi-Utazu section) was opened and the railway ferry service ended. After that, all the ships except for the ferry Sanuki Maru were sold. The Sanuki Maru was used as a tourist boat for the next eight years, but was decommissioned in 1996 (Heisei 8).

Even after the rail ferry service was discontinued, three companies, Utaka National Highway Ferry, Shikoku Express Ferry, and Tsukuni Kisen (Honshi Ferry), continued to operate between Uno and Takamatsu due to their low fares. This route was also called the Utaka Route, but on December 16, 2019, the last ferry company in operation, Shikoku Express Ferry, stopped operating, and there is no longer a direct route between Uno and Takamatsu.

[Eiichi Aoki and Ryo Aoki, November 13, 2020]

"Shikoku Railway Company, 'Goodbye Utaka Ferry' (1988, Travel Bureau)""Yomiuri Shimbun, Takamatsu Branch, 'The Foghorn Disappears: The History of the Utaka Ferry' (1988, Bikosha)""Hagiwara Mikio, editor, 'The 78-Year Journey of the Utaka Ferry' (2000, Seizando Bookstore)"

[Reference] | Uno Line | Great Seto Bridge

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

四国旅客鉄道(JR四国)が管理していた航路名。旧、鉄道連絡航路。宇野(岡山県)―高松(香川県)間11.3海里(21.0キロメートル、上下航路距離の平均)、ただし営業キロ数は18キロメートル。本州―四国間の鉄道連絡航路は、山陽鉄道会社が、子会社の山陽汽船によって、1903年(明治36)岡山―高松間と、尾道(おのみち)―多度津(たどつ)間に開設したのが最初であり、1906年山陽鉄道とともに国有化された。1910年宇野線の開通とともに、前記2航路は廃止されて、新たに宇野―高松間航路が開始された。一般貨物輸送は宇高航路開設時には、艀(はしけ)に積み替えて行われたが、1921年(大正10)から曳航艀(えいこうはしけ)による貨車航送を始め、1930年(昭和5)に至って、最初の自走貨車航送船が就航した。客載貨車航送船が就航したのは、1948年(昭和23)であった。航路の開設以来、本州と四国を結ぶ幹線交通路の一部であったが、1970年代以降、航空輸送や自動車交通の発達とともに宇高連絡航路の重要性は低下した。しかし、その後も宇野―高松間には高速艇が就航し、1972年から日本国有鉄道(国鉄)はホバークラフトを就航させ、通常の連絡船では1時間かかる所要時間を23分で運航した。1987年国鉄分割民営化に伴い、JR四国の管理となった。1988年瀬戸大橋の完成により、鉄道は本四備讃(ほんしびさん)線(瀬戸大橋線。茶屋町―宇多津間)が開通して、鉄道連絡船の運航は終了。その後、連絡船讃岐(さぬき)丸以外の船は売却された。讃岐丸はその後8年間観光船として活躍したが、1996年(平成8)廃止された。

 なお、宇野―高松間には鉄道連絡船の廃止後も運賃の割安さなどから、宇高(うたか)国道フェリー、四国急行フェリー、津国汽船(本四フェリー)の3社が就航していた。こちらも宇高航路とよばれていたが、2019年(令和1)12月16日に最後まで就航していた四国急行フェリーが休止したことで、宇野―高松間を直接結ぶ航路は存在しなくなった。

[青木栄一・青木 亮 2020年11月13日]

『四国旅客鉄道編『さようなら宇高連絡船』(1988・交通公社)』『読売新聞高松支局編『霧笛が消える 宇高連絡船の軌跡』(1988・美巧社)』『萩原幹生編著『宇高連絡船78年の歩み』(2000・成山堂書店)』

[参照項目] | 宇野線 | 瀬戸大橋

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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