Chylomicron

Also called chylomicrons. Among the lipoproteins present in the blood that act as lipid transporters derived from food, they are relatively large (50-1000 nm in diameter) with a low specific gravity. Proteins (apolipoproteins A, B, and C) that specify the destination of transport are arranged on the surface of lipid droplets whose main components are triglycerides, cholesterol esters, and phospholipids. Lipids in food are broken down by the digestive enzyme lipase, absorbed from the intestinal tract, and then reprocessed into the original lipids by small intestinal epithelial cells and secreted into the blood as chylomicrons. Chylomicrons are not as uniform as HDL, LDL, and VLDL (very low density lipoprotein), and their characteristics are not as clear, but they are named after the fact that they appear in large quantities in the blood after a meal, causing the blood to become cloudy (chylus).

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

カイロミクロンともいう．血中に存在し，食事由来の脂質運搬役としてはたらくリポタンパク質のうち，比較的大型(直径50～1000 nm)で比重が小さいもの．トリグリセリド，コレステロールエステル，リン脂質を主成分とする油滴表面に，輸送先を指定するためのタンパク質(アポリポタンパク質A，B，C)が配置されている．食物中の脂質は，消化酵素リパーゼによって分解され，腸管から吸収された後，小腸上皮細胞でふたたびもとの脂質に加工され，キロミクロンとして血中に分泌される．キロミクロンは，HDL，LDL，VLDL(very low density lipoprotein)ほどは均一でなく，性格もはっきりしていないが，食事後，血中に大量に現れ，血液が白濁(chylus)することがあることからこの名がある．

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