Improvisation in music. There are various cases, ranging from composing a completely new piece on the spot to performing it, to performing it based on a certain theme, mode, musical figure or harmonic pattern, or within a framework specified by the composer. In Western music, from the Middle Ages to the Baroque, it was widely practiced, including adding improvised counter melodies and making variations on a given theme. Bach, Handel, Mozart, Beethoven, and Liszt are known as masters of improvisation. Nowadays, improvisation by performers in aleatory music and ad-lib in jazz are prominent. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
音楽における即興演奏。その場でまったく新しく曲を作りながら演奏することから,一定の主題,旋法,音型や和声のパターンに基づき,あるいは作曲家の指定した枠組みの内部で行うなど,さまざまのケースがある。西洋音楽では,中世からバロックにかけて,即興的な対旋律の付加,与えられた主題による変奏など,幅広く行われた。バッハ,ヘンデル,モーツァルト,ベートーベン,リストなどは即興演奏の名手として知られる。現在では,偶然性の音楽における演奏者の即興とジャズのアド・リブが目立っている。
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