Right of access to the beach

Japanese: 入浜権 - いりはまけん

The right to freely access beaches and coastlines, and to enjoy the benefits of nature, such as catching fish and shellfish and swimming in the sea. The idea was born in 1973 from a residents' movement in Takasago City, Hyogo Prefecture, which denounced pollution, and was inspired by the right of access to forests. During the period of high economic growth, coastal industrial zones were built by reclaiming natural coastlines all over Japan, and residents could no longer access the coasts occupied by companies. Residents' groups believed that if the right to freely use the coasts was recognized, they would be able to monitor environmental destruction and pollution, and launched a movement for the right to access the coast. In 1975, at the "Tokyo Rally to Make Use of the Sea and Reject Industrial Complexes," the "Declaration of the Right to Access the Coast," which began with the words "Since ancient times, the sea has belonged to all people," was adopted at the "Tokyo Rally to Make Use of the Sea and Reject Industrial Complexes," and the anti-reclamation movement spread throughout the country. However, in a court case over the right to access the coastline, the right to access the coastline was denied due to the theory that coasts and beaches are public property that the state should manage, and the movement died down. (→Environmental assessment, public property)

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

海浜や海岸に自由に立ち入り，魚介類の採取や海水浴など自然の恩恵を享受できる権利。1973年，兵庫県高砂市の公害を告発する住民運動から生まれた理念で，山林の入会権から着想された。高度成長期，日本各地で自然海岸を埋め立てて臨海工業地帯がつくられ，住民は企業が占有する海岸に立ち入れなくなった。住民団体は，海岸の自由使用権が認められれば自然破壊や公害を監視できると考え，入浜権運動を展開。1975年「海を活かしコンビナートを拒否する東京集会」で「古来，海は万民のもの」に始まる「入浜権宣言」が採択され，埋め立て反対運動は全国に広がった。しかし入浜権をめぐる裁判では，海岸・海浜は国が管理するものとする自然公物論により入浜権が否定され，運動は下火になった。（→環境アセスメント，公物）

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