Penalty - Kachokin

Japanese: 課徴金 - かちょうきん

(1) It refers to a monetary burden that the state imposes on the people and collects from them based on its judicial and administrative powers. Those based on judicial power include fines, penalties, and court costs, while those based on administrative power include royalties and patent fees. According to Article 3 of the Financial Law, surcharges must be based on law or a resolution of the Diet. (2) Under the Antimonopoly Act, it refers to an administrative measure that requires businesses to pay into the national treasury the profits they have gained through illegal cartels. This system was established in the 1977 amendment to the Antimonopoly Act to prevent the occurrence of illegal cartels by depriving businesses of the unfair profits they have gained through illegal cartels. For illegal cartels that affect the price or affect the price by substantially restricting the supply volume, the Fair Trade Commission is obligated to order the businesses participating in the cartel to pay into the national treasury an amount equal to the sales amount for the period of the implementation of the cartel multiplied by a specified ratio (Articles 7-2 and 8-3).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

(1) 国が司法権，行政権に基づき国民に賦課し国民から徴収する金銭負担をいう。司法権に基づくものには罰金，科料，裁判費用などがあり，行政権に基づくものとして使用料，特許料などがある。課徴金は財政法3条により，法律または国会の議決に基づかねばならない。 (2) 独占禁止法上では，事業者が違法カルテルによって得た利得を，国庫に納付させる行政上の措置をさす。この制度は，違法カルテルによる事業者の不当な利得を剥奪することによって，違法カルテルの発生を防止するために，1977年の独占禁止法改正で設けられたものである。違法カルテルで，対価にかかわるものまたは実質的に供給量を制限することなどにより対価に影響のあるものについて，公正取引委員会は，カルテル参加事業者に対し，その実行期間の売上額に所定比率を乗じた額を国庫に納付することを命ずる義務を負っている (7条の2，8条の3) 。

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