Azande people - Azande (English spelling)

Japanese: アザンデ族 - アザンデぞく（英語表記）Azande

An ethnic group living in the humid savannas of South Sudan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and the Central African Republic. The Zande are also called Zande, and were formerly called Nyamnyam. Their language is a Shari-Nilo language of the Niger-Congo family. As of the end of the 20th century, the population was confirmed to be over 3.8 million. In the 18th century, a conquering kingdom was formed consisting of various ethnic groups of different origins, and the group's origins are a complex one. In the past, the group was divided into many kingdoms, and each kingdom was further divided into local territories. The local territories had a high degree of autonomy and were the largest political unit in practice. There are two classes: the nobility, including the royal family, and the commoners. They practice polygamy, and the family is the basic social unit. The solidarity of patrilineal clans is loose among the commoners, and they do not have much political significance. Each clan has its own totem. It is believed that humans have two souls, and that upon death, one becomes a totem animal and the other merges with the ancestors. Belief in witchcraft was also widespread, which was one way of explaining the causes of certain misfortunes or deaths. The legal system was well developed, and trials were closely linked to oracles. The higher the person's oracle, the more authority they had. The people mainly engaged in slash-and-burn agriculture, but also engaged in hunting and fishing, and excelled in crafts such as ironwork, sculpture, and pottery.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

南スーダン，コンゴ民主共和国，中央アフリカ共和国にまたがる多湿なサバナに分布する民族。ザンデ族 Zandeともいい，古くはニャムニャムと呼ばれた。言語はニジェール＝コンゴ語派のシャリ＝ナイル諸語に属する。20世紀末の時点で人口は 380万以上が確認されている。18世紀に起源を異にするさまざまな民族集団からなる征服王国が形成され，その混合した集団を起源とするため，複雑な構成を示す。かつては，多くの王国に分かれ，各王国はさらに地方分国群に分かれていた。地方分国の自主性は高く，実際上の最大政治単位であった。王族を含む貴族と平民の 2階層がある。一夫多妻制で，家族が基本的な社会単位であり，父系氏族は平民の間では連帯性がゆるく，政治的意義も大きくない。氏族はそれぞれのトーテムをもつ。人間には二つの魂があり，死によって，一つはトーテム動物になり，もう一つは祖霊に合体すると信じられている。また妖術信仰が盛んであるが，これは特定の不幸や死の原因を説明する一つの方法である。法体系がよく発達し，裁判は託宣と密接に結びつく。高位者の託宣ほど権威をもった。生業は焼畑農耕を中心に狩猟，漁労を行ない，鉄細工，彫刻，陶器など工芸技術に優れる。

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