General Free Person

...In the 19th century, this idea was combined with the theory of national spirit of the historical school of law and became the fundamental view of Germanism. The main systems of Germanic law were a republican state system centered on ordinary freemen (free and equal small peasants), as well as the Zippe, vassalage system, Mark community, Mund, Gewele, pacifist system, and Fede, and these were said to have continued to exist in the Middle Ages while undergoing changes. Germanic law, the law of the Germanic people, was said to have a character that was the polar opposite of Roman law, being popular law in contrast to Roman law, which was legal law, and ethical and social (collective) in contrast to Roman law, which was unethical and individualistic. This traditional image of Germanic law is now being forced to undergo a fundamental transformation. ...

*Some of the terminology used to refer to "ordinary free persons" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…それが19世紀に入り，歴史法学派の民族精神論と結びついてゲルマニストの根本見解となったのである。一般自由人(自由平等な小農民)を中核とする共和政的国制をはじめ，ジッペ，従士制度，マルク共同体，ムント，ゲウェーレ，平和喪失，フェーデ等がゲルマン法の主軸をなす制度であり，これらはその後変化しながら中世にも生き続けたとされ，ゲルマン民族の法たるゲルマン法は，ローマ法と対極的な性格を示し，法曹法であるローマ法に対し民衆法であり，脱倫理的，個人主義的なローマ法に対し，倫理的，社会的(団体的)であると説かれた。　このようなゲルマン法に関する伝統的イメージは，現在では根本的な転換を迫られている。…

※「一般自由人」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報