First-order triangulation

Japanese: 一等三角測量 - いっとうさんかくそくりょう
First-order triangulation

...This method is used when conducting a new triangulation survey next to an area that has already been triangulated, or when setting up triangulation points more densely within a coarse triangulation network to determine the longitude and latitude. The most representative triangulation survey in Japan is the first-order triangulation survey carried out from the Meiji period to the Taisho period. This survey was carried out to grasp the geographical features of the country and to determine the standards for creating a precise topographical map of the entire country. ...

From [Triangulation point]

...This network is called a first-order triangulation network, and represents the framework of the country. In Japan, from the Meiji to Taisho periods, first-order triangulation surveys were carried out to determine the shape of the triangulation network, and baseline surveys were carried out to give the network a scale. These two surveys determined the size and shape of the Japanese archipelago, but to further determine the location of the Japanese archipelago on the globe, a special point was selected within the triangulation network, and its longitude and latitude were obtained from astronomical observations. ...

*Some of the terminology explanations that refer to "first-order triangulation" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…既に三角測量の終わった地域の隣で新しく三角測量を行う場合や,目のあらい三角網の中にさらに密度高く三角点を設置して,その経度,緯度を求める場合にはこの方法が採用される。 日本における代表的な三角測量は,明治から大正にかけて行われた一等三角測量であろう。この測量は国土の地理的様相を把握し,日本全体の精密な地形図を作成するための基準を決定するために行われた。…

【三角点】より

…この網は一等三角網と呼ばれ国土の骨格をあらわすものである。日本では明治から大正にかけて,三角網の形を決定するための一等三角測量と三角網にスケールを与えるための基線測量が行われた。この二つの測量により日本列島の大きさと形が決定されたのであるが,さらに地球上における日本列島の位置を決定するために,三角網の中に特別な1点を選び,天文観測から経度と緯度が求められた。…

※「一等三角測量」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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