…In England, Andrew Bell (1753-1832) and Joseph Lancaster (1778-1838) taught several hundred students at their schools, with one teacher directing prayer and recitation, and dividing students into groups for subjects that required a certain level of progress, with older students acting as assistant monitors. This method was called the Bell-Lancaster method (or monitorial system), and was adopted after the Industrial Revolution. However, as compulsory education spread, organized teacher training progressed, and classes were organized into groups of several dozen students, but the method of group instruction continued. In Japan, too, the transition from individual instruction in writing at temple schools to modern schools saw a switch to group instruction. … *Some of the terminology used in relation to "group instruction" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…イギリスのベルAndrew Bell(1753‐1832)とランカスターJoseph Lancaster(1778‐1838)は,数百人の生徒を集めた学校で,祈禱・朗唱などは一人の教師が指導し,進度に応ずる必要のある科目の場合はいくつかのグループに分け,学力の高い年長者を助教monitorとして指導にあたらせる方式をとり,これがベル=ランカスター方式(またはモニトリアル・システム)と呼ばれ,産業革命以後に採用された。しかし義務教育の普及とともに組織だった教員養成がすすみ,数十人の学級編成がとられるようになったが,一斉指導の方式は引き継がれた。日本でも,個別に手習いを指導していた寺子屋から近代学校への転換のさい,一斉指導に切り替えられた。… ※「一斉指導」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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