This type of education allows children and students to learn concretely by having them directly observe objects or phenomena as teaching materials, or by presenting them with pictures, specimens, models, and other sensory substitutes, as opposed to instruction through language, letters, and concepts. The first proponent of intuitive teaching in the history of modern teaching theory was Comenius. From the standpoint that "things are the objects of cognition," he developed a sensory theory of intuitive teaching, which states that teaching must begin by giving students the sensory content of things. Pestalozzi further developed this, stating that intuition is not simply sensory reception, but the act of intuitively perceiving and grasping the essence of things. By recognizing intuition as the absolute foundation of all cognition, he attempted to establish the highest and most excellent principle of teaching. And by discovering the fundamental principles of cognition development, namely "numbers, shapes, and words," he established the art of intuition, Kunst (German), which leads from sensory intuition to clear concepts. [Tadayuki Hayashi] "Theory and Development of Intuitive Teaching" by Masashi Ishii (1982, Meiji Tosho Publishing)" ▽ "The Great Teaching" by Comenius, translated by Hidetake Suzuki (1962, Meiji Tosho Publishing)" ▽ "How Gertrude Teaches Her Child" by Pestalozzi, translated by Shin Nagata (1960, Heibonsha)" [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
言語や文字や概念による教授に対して、教材としての事物や事象を直接観察させたり、あるいはその感覚的代理物である絵とか標本とか模型などを提示したりすることによって、児童・生徒に具体的に学習させる教育をいう。 近代教授理論史における直観教授の最初の提唱者はコメニウスである。彼は、「事物こそ認識の対象である」という立場から、教授は事物からの感覚内容を学習者に与えることから始めなければならない、という感覚論的直観教授論を展開した。それをさらに発展させて、直観を単なる感覚的受容ではなく、事物の本質を直観し、把握する点にあるとしたのはペスタロッチである。彼は、直観をすべての認識の絶対の基礎と認めることによって、教授のもっとも高いもっとも優れた原理を確立しようとした。そして、彼は「数・形・語」という認識発展の基礎的原理を発見したことによって、感覚的直観から明瞭(めいりょう)な概念へ至る直観の術Kunst(ドイツ語)を確立した。 [林 忠幸] 『石井正司著『直観教授の理論と展開』(1982・明治図書出版)』▽『コメニウス著、鈴木秀勇訳『大教授学』(1962・明治図書出版)』▽『ペスタロッチ著、長田新訳『ゲルトルートはいかにしてその子を教うるか』(1960・平凡社)』 [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
>>: Intuition - Chokkan (English spelling)
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