A fuel made by blending ethanol (ethyl alcohol) and gasoline. In the 1970s, Brazil, which faced an oil crisis, made progress in using ethanol produced from domestic sugarcane as an alternative fuel to gasoline, and by 2010, about 60% of cars in Brazil were capable of running on gasohol, a fuel made from 25% ethanol. In the United States, the use of ethanol made from domestic corn was also promoted in the 1970s. Interest in ethanol increased again in the 2000s, and by 2010, most cars in the United States were capable of running on gasohol, a fuel made from 10% ethanol. However, there are issues that need to be addressed, such as the need to secure a supply of crops that are the raw material for ethanol, separation that occurs when water is mixed in, and corrosion of metal parts such as engines. (→Biofuels) Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
エタノール(エチルアルコール)とガソリンを混合した燃料。1970年代,石油危機に直面したブラジルで,国産のサトウキビから生産するエタノールをガソリン代替燃料として利用する取り組みが進み,2010年にはブラジル国内の自動車の約 60%が,エタノールを 25%混合したガソホールで走行可能となった。アメリカ合衆国でも,1970年代に国産のトウモロコシを原料とするエタノールの利用が進められた。2000年代に入ってエタノールへの関心が再び高まり,2010年にはアメリカ国内の自動車の多くはエタノールを 10%混合したガソホールで走行可能となった。一方で課題として,エタノールの原料作物の供給確保や,水分が混入した場合に起こる分離,エンジンなどの金属部品の腐食などが指摘される。(→バイオ燃料)
出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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