Contract of revolt - Ikkikeijyo

Japanese: 一揆契状 - いっきけいじょう

…The jurisdiction of the shogunate, shugo, jito, and kokujin was not clear. Under the Kamakura shogunate, ordinary residents could file lawsuits against the jito (zonin sosho), and around the 14th century kokujin sometimes drew up Ikkikeijo (a petition for rebellion) and formed alliances with feudal lords to oppose the shogunate and enforce control over the residents. However, throughout the Middle Ages, judicial jurisdiction could not be established unless at least one of the parties to the lawsuit and the subject of the lawsuit were under the jurisdiction of the judicial body. …

From [Provincial Law]

...The phenomenon that many of the sengoku daimyo who enacted provincial laws held the position of shugo can also be understood based on this lineage. In this way, provincial laws were established based on the development of family law and provincial law, but the distinctive feature of provincial laws is that they were not merely developed from these, but were also established by absorbing the ikkikeijo, a treaty between feudal lords established by kokujin ikki (national ikki), a regional association of local feudal lords that was established throughout the country from the 14th to the 16th centuries, as a historical intermediary. In other words, provincial laws are based on the character of a consolidation of the common will of the feudal lord class, based on the entrustment of lordship to the daimyo by the local feudal lord class, and the military and despotic character of provincial laws that is usually said to be based on this basic character.

*Some of the terminology explanations that refer to "Ikkikeijo" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…幕府と守護･地頭･国人間の管轄は分明でない。鎌倉幕府下では一般住民は地頭を相手として幕府に提訴することもできたし(雑人訴訟（ぞうにんそしよう）)，14世紀ごろの国人は一揆契状（いつきけいじよう）を作成し，領主連合を組んで幕府に対抗し，住民支配を貫徹する場合がある。ただし，中世を通じて裁判管轄は訴訟当事者の少なくも一方と訴訟対象物とが裁判主体の進止（しんし）下になくては成立しない。…

【分国法】より

…また分国法を制定した戦国大名に守護職をもつ大名が多いという現象も，この系譜の上に理解される。　このように分国法は，家法，守護領国法にその直接的系譜が求められ，その発展の上に成立したのであるが，分国法の特徴は，これらのたんなる発展だけでなく，14世紀から16世紀にかけて全国各地に成立した在地領主の地域的結合体である国人（こくじん）一揆(国（くに）一揆)が制定した領主間協約である一揆契状を，ひとつの歴史的媒介項として吸収し成立している点にある。すなわち分国法は，在地領主階級による大名への領主権付託に基づく，領主階級の共同意志の集約という性格が基本となっているのであり，通常いわれる分国法の武断的･専制的性格もこの基本的性格に基づくものといえる。…

※「一揆契状」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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