Heterogametic conjugation - Heterogametic conjugation

Japanese: 異形配偶子接合 - いけいはいぐうしせつごう
Heterogametic conjugation - Heterogametic conjugation

…In sexual reproduction, gametes n are produced by meiosis and have half the number of chromosomes as somatic cells 2n , and gamete union restores 2n . There are three types of sexual reproduction: homogametozygosity, in which gametes of equal size and shape unite (Chlamydomonas, Spirogyra, etc.); heterogametozygosity, in which gametes of similar shape but different size unite (Ulva, Laver, etc.); and fertilization, in which a large, non-motile egg unites with a motile sperm, as commonly seen in wakame, kombu, and other mosses, ferns, and seed plants. Even in the union of homogametes, there are differences in the microscopic structure between the two, and fusion does not occur between identical cells, but only between complementary partners. …

From [Joining]

…Unlike protozoa, the result of conjugation is a single cell (zygote). There are homogametic conjugations, in which gametes of equal size and shape unite (Chlamydomonas, Spirogyra, etc.), and heterogametic conjugations, in which gametes of similar shape but different sizes unite (Ulva, Laver, Mill, etc.). In zygophytes and flagellates, somatic cells that have not yet differentiated into reproductive cells may unite with somatic cells of the opposite sex, a process known as somatic conjugation. …

*Some of the terminology that refers to "heterogametic zygosity" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…有性生殖では配偶子nは減数分裂によってつくられ,体細胞2nの半数の染色体数をもっており,配偶子の合体によって2nにもどる。有性生殖には,大きさや形の等しい配偶子どうしが合体する同形配偶子接合(クラミドモナス,アオミドロなど),形は似ているが大きさの異なる配偶子間で合体する異形配偶子接合(アオサ,アオノリなど),そしてワカメ,コンブをはじめコケ植物,シダ植物,種子植物などに一般にみられるような,運動性をもたない大きな卵と運動性精子とが合体する受精の三つのタイプがある。同形配偶子間の接合においても,両者には微細構造上ちがいがみられ,まったく同一の細胞の間で融合が起こるのではなく,相補的な相手との間でのみ接合が可能である。…

【接合】より

…原生動物の場合と違って,接合によって生じるのは1細胞(接合子)である。大きさや形の等しい配偶子が合体する同形配偶子接合(クラミドモナス,アオミドロなど)と,形は似ているが大きさの異なる配偶子が合体する異形配偶子接合(アオサ,アオノリ,ミルなど)とがある。接合藻類や鞭毛藻類では,生殖細胞に分化していない体細胞が性を異にする体細胞と接合する場合があり,これは体細胞接合と呼ばれる。…

※「異形配偶子接合」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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