Hitotsubashi family

One of the Gosankyo (three branches of the Tokugawa clan). Its founder was Munetada, the fourth son of the eighth shogun, Tokugawa Yoshimune. Munetada came of age in 1735 (Kyoho 20) and took the name Tokugawa, and in 1740 (Genbun 5), he was given a mansion within the Hitotsubashi Gate of Edo Castle. This mansion was called Hitotsubashi Yakata, and so the family was named the Hitotsubashi family. Then, in 1746 (Enkyo 3), he and his elder brother, Tayasu Munetake, were given a fief of 100,000 koku and were treated as members of the shogun's family. After that, ten generations of the family continued to rule until the Meiji Restoration: Harusada, Nariatsu, Narinori, Narikura, Yoshimasa, Keiju, Masamaru, Yoshinobu, and Mochiharu. The 2nd head of the Tokugawa family, Toyochiyo, the 4th son, became the 11th Shogun, Ienari, and the family briefly held great power within the shogunate. The 9th head of the Tokugawa family, Yoshinobu (the 7th son of Tokugawa Nariaki of Mito), served as a guardian to the 14th Shogun, Iemochi, during the late Edo period, and after his death became the 15th Shogun. Historical materials handed down from the family have been donated to the Ibaraki Prefectural Museum of History.

[Ueno Shuji]

"Tsuji Tatsuya (ed.) New Draft of the Hitotsubashi Tokugawa Family Chronicles (1983, Zoku Gunsho Ruiju Completion Association)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

御三卿(ごさんきょう)の一つ。8代将軍徳川吉宗(とくがわよしむね)四男宗尹(むねただ)を祖とする。宗尹は1735年（享保20）元服して徳川を名のり、40年（元文5）江戸城一橋門内に屋敷を与えられた。この屋敷を一橋屋形(やかた)と称したことから一橋家とよばれる。ついで1746年（延享3）には兄田安宗武(たやすむねたけ)とともに10万石の領地を給せられ、将軍の家族の一員として待遇された。以後治済(はるさだ)、斉敦(なりあつ)、斉礼(なりのり)、斉位(なりくら)、慶昌(よしまさ)、慶寿、昌丸(まさまる)、慶喜(よしのぶ)、茂栄(もちはる)と10代続いて維新を迎えた。2代治済の四男豊千代(とよちよ)は、11代将軍家斉(いえなり)となったため当家は一時幕府内で力をもった。また9代慶喜（水戸の徳川斉昭(なりあき)七男）は幕末14代将軍家茂(いえもち)の後見職として活躍、その死後15代将軍となった。なお、当家伝来の史料などは茨城県歴史館に寄贈されている。

［上野秀治］

『辻達也編『新稿一橋徳川家記』（1983・続群書類従完成会）』

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