Saddle Nose

Japanese: 鞍鼻 - あんび（英語表記）Saddle Nose

[What kind of disease is it?]
A saddle nose is when the bridge of the nose is lowered and falls. There are various types, such as when only the top of the bridge of the nose is sagging and the tip of the nose points up, or when the tip is also flattened and the whole nose is sunken.
[Cause]
Most cases are caused by trauma. It is often seen in boxers who are prone to facial injuries. It was previously known to be caused by syphilis, but now it can also occur as part of a systemic illness such as collagen disease or immune disease.
[Testing and diagnosis]
It can be diagnosed from appearance. If there is no injury and the nasal septum is also broken and a hole is present, a nasal tissue examination and an internal medical examination are also necessary to suspect a systemic disease.
A CT scan will also be performed to examine in detail the shape of the saddle nose.
[Treatment]
If the injury occurs within one to two weeks and the problem is a simple depression, it can be corrected with surgery to raise and stabilize the sunken area from inside the nose.
If the depression is complex or if more than a month has passed since the trauma, surgery will be required under general anesthesia, with incisions made to the external nose and nasal cavity and the patient to reduce the depression, and this will be performed jointly by an otolaryngologist and a plastic surgeon.
If it is part of a systemic illness such as collagen disease, medical treatment will be the main focus and treatment for the saddle nose will be put on the back burner.
If you injure your nose and your face swells, you won't be able to see the depression from the outside. If it's just a simple depression, it's better to treat it early and get a minor operation. See a doctor as soon as possible. If the cause is unknown, get a thorough examination.

Source: Shogakukan Home Medical Library Information

Japanese:

[どんな病気か]
　鼻すじが落ちこんで、低くなった状態を鞍鼻といいます。鼻すじの上だけが落ちて、鼻の先が上を向くもの、鼻先も潰（つぶ）れて鼻が全体としてめり込むものなど、いろいろな形があります。
[原因]
　大部分は、外傷でおこります。顔面をけがしやすいボクサーによく見かけます。以前は梅毒（ばいどく）によるものが知られていましたが、現在では膠原病（こうげんびょう）や免疫（めんえき）の病気などの全身の病気の一部としておこることもあります。
[検査と診断]
　外見から診断できます。けがをしたことがなく、鼻中隔（びちゅうかく）も壊（こわ）れて孔（あな）が開いているときは、鼻の組織検査、全身の病気を疑っての内科的な検査も必要です。
　鞍鼻の形を知るため、ＣＴも行なって、詳しく調べます。
[治療]
　けがから1～2週間以内で、単純な陥没（かんぼつ）ならば、鼻の中から、陥没した部位を起こして固定する手術で治すことができます。
　陥没が複雑な場合や、外傷から1か月以上もたってしまうと、全身麻酔（ぜんしんますい）をして、外鼻（がいび）や鼻腔（びくう）を切開し、整復する手術が必要となり、耳鼻科医と形成外科医との共同手術になります。
　もしも、膠原病のような全身の病気の一部ならば、内科的な治療が主で、鞍鼻の治療は後回しになります。
　鼻にけがをして顔が腫（は）れると、外見からは陥没がわかりません。簡単な陥没なら、早く治療したほうが小さな手術ですみます。早めに受診しましょう。原因が不明のときはしっかりと検査を受けましょう。

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