Phnom Penh - Pnompenh (English spelling)

Japanese: プノンペン - ぷのんぺん(英語表記)Pnompenh
Phnom Penh - Pnompenh (English spelling)

The capital of Cambodia, located in south-central Cambodia. It is located near the center where the Mekong River and its tributaries, the Tonle Sap River and the Bassac River, meet in a K-shape. It has a population of 1,169,800 (2003 estimate). Phnom Penh means "Hill of Penh" in Cambodian, and is named after a hill (phnom) in the center of the city where a woman named Pen found a Buddha statue and enshrined it. It was built by the Khmer people around 1371 and flourished as a key point of river traffic. From 1434, it replaced Angkor as the capital of the Khmer Kingdom for about half a century. It became the capital again in 1866, and was the central city of Cambodia throughout the French colonial period. From 1975, the city was abandoned and devastated for five years under the Pol Pot regime, but reconstruction has been progressing since 1980.

The town was built on a plateau on the right bank of the Tonle Sap River, and was once a bustling distribution center for cotton and rice. It was divided into a European town, a Chinese town, a Vietnamese town, and a Cambodian town from the north. After independence, the town was developed into a long and narrow town 12 km north to south and 2 km east to west along both the Tonle Sap and Mekong rivers. The town is regularly laid out and has been kept in order, inheriting the traditions from the French colonial period. A main street stretches from the train station to the east to the Tonle Sap River, and to the north of the street are the City Hall, Pen Hill, and parks, while to the south, between Paul Vert Street and Sisowath Wharf Street, which run north to south, are the Royal Palace, National Museum, Parliament Building, and various government offices, all built in the late 19th century. There are also wats (temples) all over the city. In terms of transportation, it is the center of Cambodia's national road network, and the starting point of the railway that extends to Sisophon in the northwest and Kompong Som on the Gulf of Thailand. It also plays an important role in water transportation, with a port that can accommodate ships with a draft of up to 5 meters since it was opened by France in 1908. Phnom Penh International Airport is 8 kilometers southwest.

[Kikuchi Kazumasa]

[References] | Cambodia | Mekong River

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

カンボジア中南部にある同国の首都。メコン川とその支流のトンレ・サップ川、バサック川がK字形に合流するその中心付近に位置する。人口116万9800(2003推計)。プノンペンとはカンボジア語で「ペンの丘」を意味し、市の中心にある、ペンという名の女性が仏像を拾って祭った丘(プノン)に由来する。1371年ころクメール人によって建設され、河川交通の要衝として栄えた。1434年から約半世紀の間、アンコールにかわってクメール王国の首都となった。1866年ふたたび首都となり、以後フランス領時代を通じてカンボジアの中心都市であった。1975年から5年間、ポル・ポト政権のもとで無人化が図られ荒廃したが、1980年以降は復興が進んでいる。

 町はトンレ・サップ川右岸の台地上につくられ、かつては綿花、米の集散地としてにぎわい、北から欧人街、華僑(かきょう)街、ベトナム人街、カンボジア人街に分けられていた。独立後は市街は整備され、南北12キロメートル、東西2キロメートルの細長い町がトンレ・サップ、メコン両川に沿っている。町の区画は規則的で、フランス領時代からの伝統を受け継ぎ整然としている。鉄道駅から東に大通りがトンレ・サップ川まで延び、その通りの北には市庁、ペンの丘、公園などがあり、南には南北に走るポール・ベール街とシソワット波止場通りの間に、19世紀後半に建てられた王宮や国立博物館、国会議事堂、諸官庁などが並んでいる。また、市中の至る所にワット(寺院)がある。交通上は、カンボジアにおける国道網の中心をなすとともに、北西部のシソフォンおよびタイランド湾岸のコンポン・ソムへ延びる鉄道の起点である。また水運でも1908年フランスによって開港されて以来、喫水5メートルの船まで入港できる港があり、重要な機能をもっている。南西8キロメートルにプノンペン国際空港がある。

[菊池一雅]

[参照項目] | カンボジア | メコン川

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