Katsuki Gyuzan

A physician and a leading figure in the Gosei school (Li-Zhu medicine) in the mid-Edo period. A native of Chikuzen Province (Fukuoka Prefecture). His given name was Norizane (or Norimasa), his pen name was Keieki, and his pen names were Ushiyama, Teian, and Hikamio. He studied Confucianism under Kaibara Ekiken and medicine under the domain's physician Tsuruhara Geneki, and at the age of 30, he became the personal physician of the Ogasawara clan of Nakatsu Domain in Buzen. In 1699 (Genroku 12), he left his position and established a medical practice in Kyoto, but in 1716 (Kyoho 1), he was invited to serve the Ogasawara clan of Kokura Domain, and passed away in the 5th year of Genbun at the age of 85. His gravestone and longevity tower can still be found in Kichijoji, Kazuki, Yahatanishi Ward, Kitakyushu City. Ushiyama believed in the medical theories of Li Dongyuan and Shu Danxi (Zhu Zhenheng), and was influenced by Kaibara Ekiken's empirical research methods. He advocated his medical theories based on his own medical experience, and focused on warming and tonic prescriptions in treatment. He wrote many books, including "Yakuro Honzo," "Ushiyama Hoko," and "Fujin Jusou."

[Michiaki Yakazu]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

医師、江戸中期の後世(ごせい)派（李朱医学）の第一人者。筑前(ちくぜん)国（福岡県）の人。名は則実（則真とも）、字(あざな)は啓益、号は牛山・貞庵・被髪翁。儒学を貝原益軒(えきけん)に、医学を藩医鶴原玄益に学び、30歳で豊前(ぶぜん)中津藩小笠原(おがさわら)氏の侍医となる。1699年（元禄12）職を辞し京都で医業を開くが、1716年（享保1）招かれて小倉(こくら)藩小笠原氏に仕え、元文(げんぶん)5年、85歳で没した。墓碑・寿塔が北九州市八幡西(やはたにし)区香月吉祥寺に現存する。牛山は李東垣(りとうえん)・朱丹渓(しゅたんけい)（朱震亨(しんこう)）の医説を信奉、また貝原益軒の実証的研究方法の影響を受け、自らの医療経験に基づいて医説を唱え、治療においては温補の方剤を主とした。『薬籠本草(やくろうほんぞう)』『牛山方考』『婦人寿草』ほか多くの著書がある。

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