The name of a lip-reed instrument (an aerophone instrument that uses the lips as the sound source). It is also called a tuba, and is derived from the ancient Roman instrument tuba, but today it is a general term for various low-pitched brass instruments with flat valves based on a conical tube. Generally, they are made so that the bell (a morning-flare-shaped opening) faces upwards when playing, and the mouthpiece is mainly a deep cup shape. They are made in the keys of F, E♭, C, and B♭, and the F and E♭ tubes are the same as the middle bass in wind bands, and the even lower B♭ and C tubes are the big bass. The B♭ and C tubes, which are one octave higher, that is, the equivalent of the euphonium and small bass, are often used in French orchestras. They have three to six flat valves, and are often used in both rotary and piston types. There are also variations such as the helicon and sousaphone, in which the tube is made to surround the player's body and the bell faces forward. [Ryūji Uta] Piston type. Height 86.7cm ©Yamaha "> Tuba (E flat) Rotary type. Height 101.8cm ©Yamaha "> Tuba (B flat) Bell diameter: 66.3cm ©Yamaha "> Sousaphone Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
リップ・リード楽器(唇を発音源とする気鳴楽器)の名。トゥーバともいい、古代ローマの楽器トゥバに由来するが、今日では、円錐(えんすい)管を基本として変音弁をもつ各種の低音金管楽器の総称となっている。一般には、吹奏時にベル(朝顔形開口)が上を向くようにつくられ、マウスピースは深いカップ形が主流である。F、E♭、C、B♭の各調につくられており、F管、E♭管は吹奏楽でいう中バスと同じで、さらに低いB♭管、C管は大バスにあたる。これより1オクターブ高いB♭管やC管、つまりユーフォニウムや小バスに相当するものは、フランスの管弦楽でよく用いられる。変音弁の数は3ないし6で、ロータリー式、ピストン式ともによく用いられる。変形としてヘリコン、スーザフォンなどのように、管が奏者の身体を取り巻くようにつくり、ベルを前方に向けたものもある。 [卜田隆嗣] ピストン式。高さ86.7cm©ヤマハ"> チューバ(E♭管) ロータリー式。高さ101.8cm©ヤマハ"> チューバ(B♭管) ベルの直径66.3cm©ヤマハ"> スーザフォン 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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