Albatross [company] - Albatross

Japanese: アルバトロス[会社] - あるばとろす
Albatross [company] - Albatross

...It was also during this period that "avant-garde films" "began to take on an agitator-like role, waving the flag of non-commercialism" (Maurice Bessy) (see [Film] under "Avant-garde"), and it was also during this period that film theory calling for "pure cinema" developed, but according to Sadoul's History of Cinema, it was in the 1920s that French cinema itself "lost the slightest bit of international influence" and fell into "a terrible corporate decadence."
[Russian Exiles and Albatross Films]
An interesting role in French silent films in the 1920s was played by a group of Russian émigrés, including directors Alexander Volkov, Victor Turyansky, and Dmitri Kirsanov, and actors Ivan Mojjukhin and Natalie Lysenko. In 1922, a film company called Les Films was established under the control of Alexandre Kamenka. The French film studio Albatros was founded and produced such films as Kiin (1922), directed by Volkov and starring Mozhubhin, and Triumphant Love (1922), directed by Turyansky and starring Lysenko, as well as silent films by important directors who would eventually become the pillars of French cinema in the talkie era, such as Marcel L'Herbier (Pascal the Living, 1925), René Clair (The Italian Hat, 1927), and Jacques Feidel (Carmen, 1926).Even after the talkie era began, they produced films such as The Lower Depths (1936), directed by Jean Renoir.
[Talking of French films]
It was in 1900 that Léon Gaumont exhibited a talkie film, which combined film and the phonograph, at the Paris World's Fair, so France's attempt to turn films into talkies was ahead of the rest of the world.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Albatross [Company]" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…〈アバンギャルド映画〉が〈非商業主義の旗をかざして扇動者のごとき役割までも帯びはじめる〉(モーリス・ベッシー)のもこの時代であり(〈アバンギャルド〉の項の[映画]を参照),〈純粋映画〉を求める映画理論が発達するのもこの時代だが,サドゥール《世界映画史》によればフランス映画そのものは〈国際的影響力を少しももたず〉〈恐るべき企業的退廃〉におちいったのが20年代であった。
[亡命ロシア人とアルバトロス映画]
 1920年代にフランスのサイレント映画に興味ある役割を果たしたのが,監督のアレクサンドル・ボルコフ,ビクトル・トゥールヤンスキー,ディミトリ・キルサノフ,俳優のイワン・モジューヒン,女優のナタリー・リセンコといった亡命ロシア人の映画集団で,22年にはアレクサンドル・カメンカAlexandre Kamenkaの支配下に映画会社〈アルバトロスLes Films Albatros〉が設立され,ボルコフ監督,モジューヒン主演の《キイン》(1922),トゥールヤンスキー監督,リセンコ主演の《恋の凱歌》(1922)などのほか,マルセル・レルビエ(《生けるパスカル》1925),ルネ・クレール(《イタリア麦の帽子》1927),ジャック・フェデル(《カルメン》1926)等,やがてトーキー時代のフランス映画を支えることになる重要な監督たちのサイレント映画も製作,トーキー時代に入ってからもジャン・ルノアール監督《どん底》(1936)などを製作した。
[フランス映画のトーキー化]
 レオン・ゴーモンがフィルムと蓄音機を組み合わせたトーキー映画をパリ万国博に出品したのが1900年のことだから,フランス映画のトーキー化の試みは世界各国に先立って行われていたことになる。…

※「アルバトロス[会社]」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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