Arte (trade association) - Arte

Japanese: アルテ（同業組合） - あるて

…Generally, it refers to trade associations of merchants and industrialists in medieval and early modern Europe, but such trade associations are also widely seen in premodern Japan, China, Islamic societies, and India. In German, they are called Gilde, Zunft, and Innung, in French, compagnonnage, and in Italian, arte. In Japan, they are translated as trade associations or trade unions. …

From [Comune]

…Although each had its own council, court, and special laws, they together constituted a single comune. In many places, the arte (guild associations) were subordinate to the popolo. Florence was one of these cities, where the popolo was particularly powerful, and its highest commissioner, the Priori, had the power to become a minister in the city government.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Arte (trade association)" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…一般的には中･近世ヨーロッパにおける商工業者の職種ごとの仲間団体をさすが，このような同職仲間的な団体は，広く前近代の日本，中国，イスラム社会，インドにもみられる。ドイツ語ではギルドGilde，ツンフトZunft，インヌングInnung，フランス語ではコンパニオナージュcompagnonnage，イタリア語ではアルテarteとよばれる。日本では，同職組合，同業組合と訳されている。…