Compress - Anpo

Japanese: 罨法 - あんぽう
Compress - Anpo

A therapy that aims to improve illness or relieve symptoms by applying hot or cold stimulation to a part of the body. Types include hot compresses (dry or wet), cold compresses (ice or cold water), the Priessnitz method, and pap.

Hot compresses are used to warm parts of the body and cause local congestion, relieving spasms, promoting the absorption of waste products, and hastening suppuration. Dry hot compresses include hand warmers, hot water bottles, and warming pads, all of which are covered to prevent burns. Burns caused by hot water bottles are caused by prolonged exposure to heat, and can reach the deeper tissues of the skin, making them difficult to heal, so special care is required. Wet hot compresses involve soaking a towel or flannel in warm water or medicinal water, squeezing it tightly, pressing it tightly against the local area, covering it with oil paper or waterproof cloth, and securing it in place with a bandage. Applying a hand warmer or similar over the compress will help keep the area warm for longer. To protect the local skin, apply olive oil or similar to avoid burns.

Cold compresses are used to cool a part of the body, constrict local blood vessels, and relieve pain and inflammation, but are also used to relieve pain during fevers. Cold water compresses are performed in the same way as moist hot compresses. Ice compresses use ice pillows, ice bags, and ice necks. For ice pillows, the ice should be crushed to the size of a walnut, and for other ice packs, crushed to smaller pieces. Remove the corners and fill each container about two-thirds full, then add a small amount of water to fill the gaps. After removing all the air, cover the container before use. If the ice is in fine pieces, do not add water. When using an ice neck, twist the center once to make it easier to apply to the neck and keep it stable.

The Priessnitz method involves leaving a cold compress on the skin until it is warmed by body heat and becomes a hot compress, with the hope of achieving both hot and cold effects.

Bafu is made by spreading the Bafu agent on lint cloth and applying it either hot or cold, but recently a version that can be applied as is has been invented and is used for bruises, sprains, etc.

Commercially available products with names such as Magic Pack can be easily used as is by heating or cooling them and replacing them with hot water bottles, ice pillows, or ice packs.

[Yamane Nobuko]

[References] | Pocket warmer | Ice pack

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

身体の一部分に温熱あるいは寒冷な刺激を加えることによって、病気の好転や自覚症状の軽減を図る療法。種類には、温罨法(乾性、湿性)、冷罨法(氷、冷水)、プリースニッツ氏法、巴布(ぱっぷ)がある。

 温罨法は、身体の一部を温めて局所に充血をおこして、けいれんを和らげたり、不用産物の吸収を促したり、化膿(かのう)を早めたりするために行う。乾性温罨法には、懐炉(かいろ)、湯たんぽ、行火(あんか)などがあり、熱傷予防のために、いずれもカバーを用いる。湯たんぽによる「やけど」は温熱刺激が長時間にわたったためのもので、皮膚の深部組織にまで刺激が及び、なかなか治癒しないので、とくに注意が必要である。湿性温罨法はタオル、フランネルなどを温湯または温薬湯に浸し、固く絞って局所に密着させ、油紙、防水布などで覆い、包帯などで固定する。湿布(しっぷ)の上から、懐炉などを貼用(ちょうよう)すると保温時間は長くなる。局所の皮膚の保護のためにはオリーブ油などを塗布して熱傷を避けるようにする。

 冷罨法は、身体の一部を冷やし、局所の血管を収縮させ、鎮痛、消炎させるために行うが、発熱時には苦痛を和らげるためにも用いる。冷水罨法は湿性温罨法に準じて行う。氷罨法は氷枕(こおりまくら)、氷嚢(ひょうのう)、氷頸(ひょうけい)を用いる。入れる氷の大きさは、氷枕ではクルミ大、ほかはそれ以下に砕き、氷の角をとって各容器の3分の2くらいまで入れ、氷の間隙(かんげき)を埋めるために少量の水を加える。中の空気をよく抜いたあと、カバーをかけて用いる。氷が細かくなっている場合は、水を入れない。氷頸を使う場合は中央を一ねじりして用いると、頸部に安定して使いやすい。

 プリースニッツ氏法とは、冷湿布をそのままにしておき、体温で温められて温湿布となるまで待つ方法で、冷温両用の効果を期待したものである。

 巴布は、巴布剤をリント布に伸ばして冷、温いずれかで貼用するが、最近では、そのまま貼用できるものが発案され、打ち身、捻挫(ねんざ)などに用いられる。

 市販されているマジックパックなどの名称のものは、そのまま温めるか冷やして、湯たんぽ、氷枕、氷嚢にかえて手軽に使用できる。

[山根信子]

[参照項目] | 懐炉 | 氷嚢

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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