A peace treaty concluded between Britain and France in March 1802 during the Napoleonic Wars. It was signed in Amiens, northern France. British Prime Minister Pitt the Younger proposed the Second Coalition against France in 1799, and pressured France from land and sea, but Napoleon, who formed the Consulate at the end of the same year, defeated the Austrian army at Marengo in June 1800 and concluded the Peace of Luneville. Of the remaining allies, Russia pressured Britain to sever economic ties for trade reasons, which disrupted the unity of the Grand Coalition, and the British Parliament's statements leaned towards peace. When the hard-line Pitt cabinet fell in February 1801, the succeeding Addington cabinet proposed peace. As a result of this peace treaty, (1) Great Britain would retain Ceylon, which it had acquired from the Netherlands, and Trinidad, which it had acquired from Spain, but would return all of its other occupied territories, (2) France would return Egypt to Turkey, withdraw from Portuguese occupied territories, and abandon Naples and the Papal States, and (3) both countries would withdraw from Malta. However, the peace only lasted for three years. [Makoto Kanazawa] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
1802年3月、ナポレオン戦争中にイギリス・フランス間に結ばれた和約。北フランスのアミアンAmiensで調印された。イギリス首相ピット(小)は1799年に第2回対仏大同盟を提唱し、フランスを海陸から圧迫したが、同年末に統領政府を組織したナポレオンが翌1800年6月オーストリア軍をマレンゴで破り、リュネビルの講和を締結した。残った同盟国のなかでは、ロシアが貿易上の理由でイギリスに経済断交を迫ったため、大同盟の結束が乱れ、イギリス議会の発言も和平論に傾いた。1801年2月強硬派のピット内閣が倒れると、次のアディントン内閣により講和が提唱された。この和約の結果、(1)イギリスはオランダから得たセイロン島、スペインから得たトリニダード諸島を保留するが、他の占領地をすべて返還する、(2)フランスもエジプトをトルコに返し、ポルトガル占領地から撤退し、かつナポリと教皇領を放棄する、(3)マルタ島からは両国ともに手を引く、などが決定された。しかし、平和は3年間しか続かなかったのである。 [金澤 誠] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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