Sir Sayyid Amad Khan

Japanese: アフマド・ハーン - あふまどはーん(英語表記)Sir Sayyid Amad Khān
Sir Sayyid Amad Khan

Indian Muslim thinker and social reformer. Born in Delhi, he became a British government official at the age of 20 and was later awarded the title of Knight of the Star of India by the British. While Indian Muslims under the Mughal Empire became increasingly anti-British and rejected modernization, he accepted British rule favorably and argued that Muslims should cooperate with Britain in modernizing, especially for the need for modern education for Muslim children, and founded a college in Aligarh in 1875. His ideas emphasized the scientific rationalism of 19th century Western Europe, and he considered natural science to be absolute and claimed that anything that goes against nature is not Islam, but he was criticized by Afghani as a modern-day "dhahriya" (materialism). His "Quranic Commentary," which rationally interpreted all miracles, was also rejected by conservative ulama (jurers). However, his rational interpretation of Islam had a great influence on Muslim thinkers in India and Pakistan later on. Politically, when Hindus came to hold a majority in the government, he was quick to sense the Muslim community's sense of crisis over Hindu dominance, and he defended the Muslim position, strengthening anti-Hindu sentiment, laying the foundation for the later formation of the Muslim League (1906).

[Masataka Takeshita April 18, 2018]

[References] | Afghani

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

インドのムスリム思想家、社会改革家。デリーに生まれ、20歳のときイギリス政府の役人となり、のちにイギリスから「インドの星勲爵士」の称号を授与された。ムガル帝国下のインド・ムスリムが反英的傾向を強め、近代化を拒んだのに対し、彼はイギリス支配を好意的に受け入れ、ムスリムはイギリスと協力して近代化を行うこと、とくにムスリム子弟のための近代的教育の必要性を主張し、1875年アリーガルにカレッジを創立した。彼の思想は19世紀西欧の科学的合理主義を強調したもので、自然科学を絶対視し、自然に反するものはイスラムにあらずと主張したが、アフガーニーから現代の「ダフリーヤ」(唯物主義)と批判された。また、いっさいの奇跡を合理的に解釈した彼の『コーラン註釈(ちゅうしゃく)』も保守的なウラマー(法学者)から排斥された。しかし、彼の合理的イスラム解釈は、後のインド、パキスタンのムスリム思想家に多くの影響を与えた。政治上では、ヒンドゥーが政府で多数派を占めると、ヒンドゥー優位に対するムスリム社会の危機意識をいち早く感じとり、ムスリムの立場を擁護して反ヒンドゥー感情を強め、後のムスリム連盟結成(1906)の基盤をつくった。

[竹下政孝 2018年4月18日]

[参照項目] | アフガーニー

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