American biochemist. Born in Prague, Czech Republic. Studied medicine at the German University in Prague and was employed at the Faculty of Pharmacy at the University of Graz in Vienna, but moved to the United States in 1922 and became a naturalized citizen in 1928. After graduating from the Buffalo Medical Research Institute, he became a professor of biochemistry at the University of Washington School of Medicine, and later became the head of the department. He studied carbohydrate metabolism in animal cells and tissues, particularly glycolysis, and isolated glucose monophosphate as an intermediate product. This substance is also called Choriester. Glycogen is broken down into glucose in the liver through Choriester and transported to each cell by blood. He also clarified that lactic acid produced from glucose in muscles is transported to the liver, where some is oxidized and some is converted to glycogen for storage. In 1947, he won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine together with his wife, Gerty Theresa Cori (1896-1957), a biochemist and collaborator. Usai also won the prize for her research on anterior pituitary hormones and glucose metabolism. [Shoichiro Usami] [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アメリカの生化学者。チェコのプラハに生まれる。同地のドイツ大学で医学を学び、ウィーンのグラーツ大学薬学部に就職したが、1922年アメリカに渡り、1928年に帰化した。バッファロー医学研究所を経てワシントン大学医学部生物化学の教授になり、のちに同部門の主任となる。動物の細胞や組織における炭水化物の代謝、とくに解糖について研究し、中間生成物としてグルコース一リン酸を分離した。この物質はコリエステルともよばれる。グリコーゲンが肝臓でコリエステルを通してグルコースに分解され、血液によって各細胞に運ばれる。また筋肉でグルコースから生成した乳酸は肝臓に運ばれ、一部は酸化分解され、一部はグリコーゲンに転換して貯蔵されることを明らかにした。1947年に生化学者で共同研究者である夫人Gerty Theresa Cori(1896―1957)とともにノーベル医学生理学賞を受賞した。また、下垂体前葉ホルモンと糖代謝について研究したウーサイも同時に受賞した。 [宇佐美正一郎] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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